Guide to the Josephus Daniels Papers, 1904-1954
[top]Descriptive Summary
TitleJosephus Daniels Papers, 1904-1954
Creator
Daniels, Josephus, 1904-1954
Extent
11.6 Linear Feet
22,300 Items
Repository
22,300 Items
Duke University Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library
Language
English.
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Administrative Information
Access RestrictionsCollection is open for research.
However, patrons must sign the Acknowledgment of Legal Responsibility and Privacy Rights form before using this
collection.
Also, all or portions of this collection may be housed off-site in Duke University's Library Service Center. Consequently, there may be a 24-hour delay in obtaining these materials.
Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library to use this collection.
Use Restrictions
The status of the copyright interests in the papers of Josephus Daniels is unknown. For further information, see the section on copyright in the Regulations and Procedures of the Manuscript Department.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], The Papers of Josephus Daniels, Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University.
Provenance
The papers of Josephus Daniels (1904-1954), Secretary of the Navy, Ambassador to Mexico, and editor of the Raleigh News and Observer were acquired through purchase from 1954 to 1981.
Processing Information
Processed by: Janie C. Morris
Completed November 20, 1987
Encoded by Stephen Douglas Miller
This finding aid is NCEAD compliant.
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Biographical Note
| 1862, May 18 | Born, Washington, N.C. |
| 1880-1893 | Edited newspapers in Wilson, Kinston, and Raleigh, N.C. |
| 1885 | Attended University of North Carolina summer law school; passed bar examination (never practiced) |
| 1887-1893 | State printer for N.C. |
| 1888 | Married Adelaide Worth Bagley |
| 1893-1895 | Chief of Appointment Division, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. |
| 1894-1913 | Editor, Raleigh (N.C.) News and Observer |
| 1896-1916 | Member of the Democratic National Committee from N.C. |
| 1898 | Publication of The First Fallen Hero. a Biographical Sketch of Worth Bagley. Ensign, U.S.N. (Norfolk, Va., S. W. Bowman.) |
| 1905 | Completed purchase of the controlling interest in the News and Observer |
| 1912 | Chief, Publicity Bureau, Woodrow Wilson campaign |
| 1913-1921 | U.S. Secretary of the Navy |
| 1919 | Publication of The Navy and the Nation; War-Time Addresses (New York, G. H. Doran Co.) |
| 1921 - 1933 | Editor, News and Observer |
| 1922 | Publication of Our Navy at War (Washington, Pictorial Bureau.) |
| 1924 | Publication of The Life of Woodrow Wilson. 1856-1924 (Philadelphia, J. C. Winston Co.) |
| 1933-1941 | U.S. Ambassador to Mexico |
| 1939 | Publication of Tar Heel Editor (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press.), first volume of memoirs |
| 1941 | Publication of Editor in Politics (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press.) second volume of memoirs |
| 1942-1948 | Editor, News and Observer |
| 1944 | Publication of The Wilson Era: Years of Peace. 1910-1917 (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press.) |
| 1946 | Publication of The Wilson Era: Years of War and After, 1917-1923 (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press.) |
| 1947 | Publication of Shirt-Sleeve Diplomat (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press.), third volume of memoirs |
| 1948, Jan. 15 | Died, Raleigh N.C. |
Collection Overview
The papers of Josephus Daniels span the period 1904-1954. However, the bulk of the material begins in 1913, while he was Secretary of the Navy in the Wilson administration, and continues until 1942 just after he resigned as Ambassador to Mexico.
The majority of the Daniels papers (approximately 330,000 items) are located in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. There are, therefore, gaps in Duke's collection. For example, although the Letterbooks, Telegrams, and Pressbooks series cover the period 1913-1921, when Daniels was Secretary of the Navy, there are many months which are not represented in the collection.
The correspondence series covers the period 1917-1951, but primarily dates from 1929 to 1942. It includes personal and business correspondence on a variety of topics. Several letters are from the period when Daniels was U.S. Ambassador to Mexico and relate to claims negotiations between the United States and Mexico. Most of the correspondence from this period, however, relates to Daniels' resignation as ambassador (1942 Jan. 20), with many letters expressing regret at his decision. One such letter (1941 Oct. 31) is from President Roosevelt. There are also a few scattered notes from Eleanor Roosevelt indicating the warm relationship the Daniels family had with the Roosevelts.
Other correspondence concerns the management of the News and Observer and reflects Daniels' political views and civic interests. It also includes correspondence relating to his assistance in securing military commissions, the naming of ships, and other causes. Both the Correspondence and Clippings series contain information about a 1942 editorial in which Daniels condemned the military policy whereby privates were not allowed to date nurses, who were commissioned as second lieutenants. Several people wrote to Daniels applauding this viewpoint.
Also of note are a few letters (1924) from Atlee Pomerene, special counsel for the government, during the period he was investigating major figures in the Teapot Dome oil scandal. There are also many tributes in 1947 paid to Daniels upon his 85th birthday, including a telegram from Harry S Truman, and letters of condolence upon the death of his mother and wife.
Daniels' correspondents, in addition to those mentioned above, include a wide range of public and elected officials including governors, congressmen, cabinet members, and newspaper editors.
The Letterbooks (34 volumes), Telegrams (2 volumes) and Pressbooks (4 volumes) comprise the bulk of the collection (ca. 17,000 items) and cover the period when Daniels was U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Many are official communications stemming from his position, but there are a few personal letters as well. Most of the communiques relate to naval policies, procedures, personnel, and practices. Included are letters relating to Naval Academy appointments, Civil Service jurisdiction, the commissioning and naming of ships, and various naval ceremonial occasions.
Correspondents routinely include President Wilson, his secretary Joseph P. Tumulty, cabinet members, congressmen, and naval officers. Many letters written to the White House and to congressmen concern specific individuals and their requests for naval promotions, commissions, or recommendations for the Naval Academy.
The earliest material in this series concerns events surrounding the American occupation of Veracruz, Mexico in 1914, including lists of the dead and wounded, as well as information regarding ship movements. Speeches and excerpts from Daniels' speeches are also found in some of the press volumes.
Issues reflected in Daniels' correspondence while U.S. Secretary of the Navy include general strengthening of the Navy, particularly on the West Coast; a dispute (1916-1917) regarding the Armor Plate Board and the building of naval vessels at navy yards; naval oil reserves (including a letter of 1917 June 29 to Edward Doheny); Daniels' general concern with the moral welfare of sailors and soldiers as reflected in his efforts to have liquor sales and brothels forbidden in places where men were training for naval service; and a dispute in 1917 with the Navy League regarding the commandant of the Mare Island Navy Yard.
Personal letters relate primarily to Daniels' active involvement in the Democratic Party and the management of the News and Observer. Daniels served as publicity chair for the campaigns of both William Jennings Bryan and Woodrow Wilson. There are numerous letters and telegrams referring to the presidential campaign of 1916 and an analysis by Daniels of why the Democrats lost the 1920 presidential election.
Letters near the end of his tenure as Secretary of the Navy indicate that Daniels would assume more responsibility for the newspaper once he was back in Raleigh. In early 1921, he began to solicit information from naval officers primarily regarding their view of how the Navy functioned in various areas during World War I. He wrote that he was planning to write a series of articles for the National Newspaper Service of Chicago about the Navy's efforts during the war. Among the people to whom Daniels wrote frequently were Secretary of War Newton D. Baker and Senator Benjamin R. Tillman of South Carolina.
The Speeches, Writings, and Related Material, Topical Series, Clippings, Miscellany, and Photograph Series comprise the remainder of the collection.
The "Mexico" subseries in the Topical Series contains information about the relationship between the United States and Mexico on a number of issues, including the petroleum industry, commerce, and a "Memorandum for the Ambassador" outlining steps that may have been taken by the United States government during the early months of 1917 to determine where Mexico would stand in the event the United States entered World War I. Information for this memorandum was taken from Embassy archives and is undated. There are also some papers in this series relating to his tenure on the Board of Trustees Executive Committee at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The Photograph Series contains: views of Mexico; pictures of Daniels; Lee Slater Overman, Senator from N. C., 1903-1933; Major General Smedley Darlington Butler; Martin H. Glynn, Gov. of New York; and other unidentified persons.
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Subject Headings
These are searchable subject entries for this collection. Performing a search on these subjects in the Duke University Libraries online catalog will bring up other related research materials.
- United States.--Navy.
- Navy-yards and naval stations--United States.
- Shipbuilding--United States.
- Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924.
- Tumulty, Joseph Patrick, 1879-1954.
- United States.--Navy--Military life.
- United States.--Navy--Equipment.
- United States.--Navy--Recruiting, enlistment, etc.
- United States.--Navy--Appointments and retirements.
- United States.--Navy--Weapons systems.
- United States Naval Academy.
- Daniels, Josephus, 1904-1954.
- Baker, Newton D. (Newton Diehl), 1871-1937.
- Tillman, Benjamin Ryan, 1847-1918.
- Petroleum--United States--Reserves.
- Teapot Dome Scandal, 1921-1924.
- The News and Observer.
- United States--Foreign relations--Mexico.
- Mexico--Foreign relations--United States.
- Veracruz Llave (Mexico)--History--American occupation, 1914.
Detailed Description of Collection
Box 1Information Folder
Correspondence
1917, Aug. 2-1929, Oct. 3-10
(6 folders)
Box 2
1929, Oct. 11-1941, Oct. 22
(6 folders)
Box 3
1941, Oct. 23-Nov. 27
(5 folders)
Box 4
1941, Nov. 28-Dec. 31
(5 folders)
Box 5
1942, Jan. 1-Apr. 10
(6 folders)
Box 6
1942, Apr. 11-1945, May 17
(5 folders)
Box 7
1945, May 18-1951, June 5 and undated
(4 folders)
Letterbooks, 1915-1921; Telegrams, 1916-1920; Pressbooks, 1913-1918.
40 Volumes.
Letterbooks
1915, July 31-Oct. 26
(3 volumes)
Box 9
1915, Oct. 16-1916, Jan. 7
(3 volumes)
Box 10
1916, Jan . 6-Mar. 29
(3 volumes)
Box 11
1916, June 1-Sept. 21
(3 volumes)
Box 12
1916, Sept. 21-1917, Jan. 19
(3 volumes)
Box 13
1917, Jan. 19-Mar. 14
(2 volumes)
Box 14
1917, Mar. 14-May 9
(3 volumes)
Box 15
1917, May 24-June 29
(2 volumes)
Box 16
1917, June 29-July 31
(2 volumes)
Box 17
1917, July 31-Aug. 21
(2 volumes)
Box 18
1917, Aug. 22-1920, June 4
(3 volumes)
Box 19
1920, June 4-Sept. 22
(2 volumes)
Box 20
1920, Sept. 22-1921, Feb. 23
(3 volumes)
Telegrams
1916, July 22-1920, Nov. 1
(2 volumes)
Pressbooks
1913, Mar. 6-1914, Jan. 6
Box 23
1914, Jan. 5-May 22
Box 24
1914, May 22-Dec. 19
Box 25
1916, Jan. 11-1918, June 6
Speeches, Writings, Related Materials
1919, Mar.-Dec.
(7 folders)
Box 27
1920-1946
(7 folders)
Box 28
Undated and Miscellany
(2 folders)
Various speakers, 1919-1944 and Undated
Unidentified Speakers, 1933-1946 and undated
Topical Series
Navy, 1914-1945 and undated
(2 folders)
Mexico, 1935-1941 and undated
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1940-1946 Apr.
Box 29
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
1946, May-1954 and undated
Clippings
(2 folders)
Miscellany, 1904-1947 and undated
(2 folders)
Photographs, 1933 and undated
(2 folders)
