Inventory of the Stephen C. Harward Papers, 1949-1975 and undated, bulk 1963-1975
[top]Descriptive Summary
Repository
Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke
University
Creator
Harward, S. C. (Stephen C.)
Title
Stephen C. Harward Papers,
1949-1975 and
undated, bulk
1963-1975
Language of Material
Material
in English
Extent
10.5 Linear Feet
Circa 4000 Items
Abstract
Circa 4000 Items
Stephen Cannada Harward
served on the Durham City School Board for 12 years in the 1960s and
1970s. During this time, the Durham city and county school districts were
desegregated following a series of court mandates beginning in 1963.
The collection contains memos, bulletins,
reports, evaluations, minutes, agendas, educational and administrative guides
and handbooks, court documents, financial statements and budgets,
correspondence, clippings, printed materials, and maps pertaining to the
activity of the Durham City School Board. The papers span the years 1949-1975
and document the daily workings of the Durham City School Board chiefly between
the years 1963 and 1975, with a special focus on the process of desegregation
during that time. It contains no personal papers of Stephen C.
Harward.
[top]
Administrative Information
Access RestrictionsCollection is open for research.
However, collection may contain materials to which the
Acknowledgment of Legal Responsibilities and Privacy Rights form applies.
Patrons must sign this form before using this collection.
Also, all or portions of this collection may be housed off-site in
Duke University's Library Service Center. Consequently, there may be a 24-hour
delay in obtaining these materials.
Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the Rare
Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library to use this collection.
Copyright Notice
The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred
to Duke University. For more information, consult the copyright section of the
Regulations and Procedures of the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special
Collections Library.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Stephen C. Harward Papers, Rare Book,
Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University.
Provenance
The Stephen C. Harward Papers were received by the Rare Book,
Manuscript, and Special Collections Library as a gift in 2003.
Processing Information
Processed by Alexander Ruch, May 2007
Encoded by Alexander Ruch
Completed May 2007
Accession 2003-0129 is described in this finding aid.
Descriptive sources and standards used to create this inventory:
DACS, EAD, NCEAD guidelines, and local
Style Guide.
[top]
Biographical Note
Chronology List| 1922 | Stephen Cannada Harward born |
| 1960 | Actions Wheeler v. Durham City Board of Education and Spaulding v. Durham City Board of Education filed for disestablishment of separate segregated school systems in the Durham city school system |
| 1963 |
Action
Thompson v. Durham County Board of
Education filed for desegregation of Durham County Administrative
School Unit
Wheeler, Spaulding, and Thompson suits consolidated
Federal court ordered Durham city schools to adopt
freedom-of-choice desegregation plan
|
| 1963-1975 | Harward served on Durham City School Board |
| 1965 |
Elementary and Secondary Education Act passed as part of
President Johnson's "War on Poverty"
Durham County schools began desegregation under
freedom-of-choice plan
|
| 1966 | Court approved Durham City School Board freedom-of-choice plan |
| 1969 | Following Green v. School Board of New Kent County and Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education decisions, the Federal Court of Appeals directed the abandonment of freedom-of-choice plan and the implementation of a geographic zoning plan for desegregation of Durham County schools |
| 1970 | The corresponding mandate was made for Durham city schools |
| 1971 | Proposed merger of Durham city and county school systems rejected by two-thirds majority |
| 1972-1974 | Harward served as Duke University Treasurer |
| 1992 | Durham city and county school districts merged into Durham Public School district |
| 1993 | Death of Harward |
Collection Overview
The Stephen C. Harward Papers span the
years 1949-1975, with the bulk of the material dating from 1963-1975. The
collection contains approximately 300 files stemming from the activities of the
Durham City School Board (North Carolina), including audit reports,
budgets, financial records, agendas, external and internal evaluations,
teachers' manuals, and education policy materials, as well as court and other
documents related to the redistricting and desegregation of the Durham city
schools. Beyond the daily workings of the Durham City School Board and the
Durham city school system are also materials documenting the use of funds
stemming from the
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
(ESEA), which was later renamed and revised as the
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, and materials
related to concerns about student discipline and unrest during the late 1960s.
The collection is divided into six series: Desegregation
and Redistricting, Financial Papers,
Handbooks, Legal Papers,
Reports, and Subject
Files.
The Desegregation and Redistricting Series
collects materials related to the different attempts to desegregate the Durham
city schools in response to court mandates. It documents the legal struggle
deriving from the
NAACP Legal Defense Fund suits of 1959 and 1960,
the latter of which continued through the 1970s in response to the outcomes of
other suits, particularly
Green v. School Board of New Kent County
(1968) and
Alexander v. Holmes County Board of
Education (1969), both of which demanded the abandonment of
"freedom-of-choice" integration plans in favor of geographical zoning plans,
and
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of
Education (1971). Following the latter, the Durham City School Board
was given a mandate by the court in 1975 to eliminate racially identifiable
schools in the district, using any means necessary to ensure that the balance
of black to white students at any school varied no less than 10% from the
overall racial balance of the school group. Along with the legal papers, the
series documents the move to desegregate the Durham city schools with memos and
internal school board documents, clippings, correspondence from parents, maps,
proposals (in both draft and completed form), and a printed booklet about
desegregation. It also deals with the related attempts to merge the city and
county school districts into a single unit, finally accomplished in 1992. The
Financial Papers Series houses budgets, financial
statements, accounting materials, and other papers documenting the financial
workings of the Durham city schools and school board. Those interested in these
finances should also consult the extensive audit reports in the Reports Series.
The Handbooks Series documents educational and
administrative practices and concerns of the time with teachers' manuals and
handbooks, student and administrative handbooks, policy statements, school
directories, and bound print materials on educational topics. The small
Legal Papers Series contains the legal files not
related to the desegregation suits, including court papers, bills passed, and
easements on school properties. The Reports Series
collects audit reports, external and internal evaluations of schools and school
programs, and results of studies and surveys. These documents contain detailed
information related to the ESEA funds and their usage (in the audit reports and
several narrative evaluations). Finally, the Subject Files
Series contains topical files documenting different projects, programs,
initiatives, and issues addressed by the Durham City School Board. It also
documents the regular functioning of the school board in the extensive files of
meeting minutes, agendas, and information bulletins.
[top]
Subject Headings
These are searchable subject entries for this collection. Performing a
search on these subjects in the Duke University Libraries online catalog will
bring up other related research materials.
- Harward, S. C. (Stephen C.), 1922-1993.
- School districts--North Carolina--Evaluation.
- School improvement programs--United States.
- Federal aid to education--United States.
- Student movements--United States--History--20th century.
- Segregation in education--Law and legislation--United States.
- Discrimination in education--Law and legislation--United States.
- School integration--North Carolina--Durham.
- Education--Southern States.
- Schools--Centralization--North Carolina--Durham County.
- School districts--North Carolina--Durham County.
- Public schools--North Carolina--Durham--Finance.
- Public schools--North Carolina--Durham--History.
- Public schools--North Carolina--Durham--Business management--Auditing.
- Public schools--North Carolina--Durham.
- Public schools--North Carolina--Durham--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
- Urban schools--North Carolina--Durham.
- Education--North Carolina--Durham.
- Durham (N.C.)--Race relations.
- Durham (N.C.)--History.
Related Material
Those interested in the history of the Durham City School Board and
the desegregation of Durham schools may wish to consult the Nicholas Rencher Harris Papers and the Women-in-Action for the Prevention of Violence and Its Causes,
Inc., Durham Chapter, Records, also housed at the Rare Book, Manuscript,
and Special Collections Library.
Nicholas Rencher Harris (1900-1965) was an
African-American businessman and civic leader in Durham and served on the
Durham Board of Education during the late 1950s
and early 1960s; that collection also houses materials related to school
desegregation in Durham. The Durham chapter of
Women-in-Action for the Prevention of Violence and Its
Causes was founded by Elna Spaulding in 1968, and the organization
was involved in the struggle for school integration in the 1970s. These
collections, both cataloged separately from the Stephen C. Harward Papers, are
searchable by title in the Duke University Libraries online catalog.
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Detailed Description of Collection
Desegregation and Redistricting Series, 1959-1975
(3 boxes)
Houses materials related to the desegregation of the Durham, N.C. city schools, proposed redistricting, and the repeated failed attempts to
consolidate the city and county administrative units into a single school
district (accomplished in 1992). Formats include memos and
internal school board documents, clippings, correspondence from parents, legal
files and briefs, study and survey reports, maps, proposals (in both draft and
completed form), and a printed booklet. The extensive court files mostly
pertain to the NAACP suit of
Wheeler, Spaulding, and Thompson v. the Durham
City and County School Boards, begun in 1960 and continuing on through
1975; they are of particular interest in documenting the various court mandates and
school board proposals for desegregation plans. The later court
papers (from 1974 and 1975) contain useful summaries of the process of
desegregation, as well as progress reports and statistics gathered by the
school board and submitted to the court. Researchers interested in the
attempted merger of the city and county schools may wish to consult the files
on the bond issues of 1967-1973 in the Subject Files Series, which contain some
related materials. Those interested in federal financial support for
desegregation may also wish to consult the files on the
Emergency School Aid Act of 1972.
Arranged in alphabetical order by folder title.
Box 1
Brief on outside school district but inside city limits,
1971
Civil Rights Act compliance,
1965
Civil rights survey,
1974
Charlotte plan,
1974
Class assignment plans,
1974
Consolidation of city and county schools,
1968-1969
(2 folders)
Consolidation study I,
1968
Consolidation study II,
1966
Desegregation: Opportunity or
Problem,
1970
Desegregation suits,
1959-1965
(7 folders)
Box 2
Desegregation suits,
1966-1975
(7 folders)
Emergency School Aid Act,
1974-1975
Emergency School Aid Act--application for assistance,
1973-1975
Enrollment,
1970-1974
Maps,
1964, 1970-1974
[Some items removed to Oversize Materials.]
Merger,
1971
(2 folders)
Box 3
Miscellaneous,
1964-1970
Miscellaneous,
1974-1975
(2 folders)
Proposed redistricting, Durham city schools--junior high
schools,
1972-1974
RTI attendance zones,
1964-1970
Financial Papers Series, 1961-1975
(2 boxes)
Primarily budgets and financial statements of the Durham city
school system, but also information on accounting, wages, employee insurance,
and real estate appraisals. Researchers interested in the finances of the city
school district should also consult the audit reports located in the Reports
Series.
Accounting system,
1968
Appraisal of real estate: Southside, Crest Street, and
Edgemont Elementary Schools,
1972 Aug. 18
Budget, 1961-1966
(5 folders)
Box 4
Budget,
1966-1975
(7 folders)
Budget--special,
1967-1969
Current expenditures by source of funds,
1966-1968
(3 folders)
Box 5
Financial statements,
1969-1974
(6 folders)
Insurance,
1975
Salaries, wages,
1969-1975
Handbooks Series, 1949-1975 and undated, bulk 1962-1975
(2 boxes)
Comprises educational manuals; handbooks for students, teachers,
and administrators; food service guides; school law reference books; and other
books and pamphlets treating topics related to education.
Activity manual--
F.O.O.D. For Thought: Focus on Optimal
Development, Intermediate Level,
1974
Activity manual--
F.O.O.D. For Thought: Focus on Optimal
Development, Primary Level,
1974
Athletics manual, junior high school,
1974
Board of Education policy manual,
1975
(2 folders)
Bridging the Gap between Government in
Books and Government in Action by
Albert Coates, 1974
Career Opportunities Program overview,
circa 1971
Coaches manual, Durham city schools, undated
Cooperative Distributive Education student handbook,
undated
Discipline Problems: An Educational
Malignancy by
Walter E. McPhie,
1971
Drugs in North Carolina: Problems and
Programs by
Anthony D. M. Mulvihill,
1972
Food service guides,
1967-1968
Box 6
Handbooks for North Carolina school board members, 1962,
1974
(2 folders)
Hillside High School handbook, 1972
How Can the American People be Given a
Better Understanding of Our Economic System?,
1949
The Informer [Durham High School
handbook],
1974-1975
Manuals of position descriptions, undated
(2 folders)
Personnel guide for teachers,
1973
Physical education manual, junior and senior high
schools,
1973
Program of studies, Durham High School,
1974
Public Education by
Robert E. Phay, undated
Public School Laws of North
Carolina,
1969
Public School Laws of North
Carolina,
1971
School personnel directories,
1966-1975
The Scope and Sources of School Board
Authority to Regulate Student Conduct and Status by
Stephen R. Goldstein,
1969
Student Rights in North Carolina,
1974
Legal Papers Series, 1971-1975
(1 box)
This series contains the legal papers related to Durham city
schools and the Durham City School Board not subsumed under the Desegregation
and Redistricting Series (which houses all of the court documents and legal
papers from the NAACP desegregation suits). This includes bills proposed and
passed, easements on school properties, and court papers from a suit (
Ronald Kelly et als v. Lew W. Hannnen et
als) made regarding the refusal of Durham High School to allow
distribution of the off-campus publication
Uprising on campus.
Easements,
1975
Federal suit on
"Uprising,"
1971
General Assembly of North Carolina bills,
1973-1975
(2 folders)
School Budget and Fiscal Control Act, bills proposed,
1975
Reports Series, 1959-1975
(5 boxes)
The majority of the series is made up of annual audit reports of
the Durham city school system (including correspondence from the firm
conducting the audits), but narrative evaluations and quantitative survey and
study results are also included. There are also files from individual school
evaluations made in 1965, and files of analyses of these evaluations.
Audit report correspondence from
Ricca, Nelson and Gantt,
1967-1975
Audit reports
1963 June 30
Activity funds
Cafeteria system
Durham city schools
Special funds
1964 June 30
Activity funds
Cafeteria system
General fund
Miscellaneous funds
1965 June 30
Activity funds
Cafeteria system
General fund
Miscellaneous funds
1966 June 30
Activity funds
ESEA Title I
ESEA Title II
Food service department
General fund
Miscellaneous funds
Box 8
Audit reports
1967 June 30
Activity funds
Durham city schools
ESEA Title I
ESEA Title II
Food service department
Miscellaneous funds
1968 June 30
Activity funds
Durham city schools
ESEA Title I
ESEA Title II
Food service department
Miscellaneous funds
1969 June 30
Activity funds
ESEA Title I
ESEA Title II
ESEA Title III
ESEA Title IV-A
Food service department
Local current expense and capital outlay
fund
Special funds
1969 July 15
ESEA Title III
1970 June 30
Activity funds
Federal funds
Box 9
Audit reports
1970 June 30
Local funds
1971 June 30
Activity funds
Federal funds
Local funds
1972 June 30
Activity funds
Federal funds
Local funds
1973 June 30
Activity funds
Federal funds
Local funds
1974 June 30
Activity funds
Federal funds
Local funds
1975 June 30
Activity funds
Federal funds
Local funds
Box 10
Charrette reports,
1971
A Child Well Taught: A Report of the
Governor's Study Commission on the Public School System of North
Carolina,
1968
(2 folders)
Data reports
ESEA survey,
1975 Mar.
ESEA Title III statistical data,
1967 Dec. 20
Durham Chamber of Commerce Subcommittee on Funding of
Public Education report,
1972 Sept.
Durham city schools self-study report,
1974 Apr.
Evaluation reports
Emergency School Assistance Program,
1971 Oct.
ESEA Title 1,
1966-1967, 1969-1971,
1975
(5 reports)
SEED evaluation,
1973 June
Government: A Report on City and
County,
1970 Summer
How Students Feel About School: A Survey
of Student Attitudes at Durham and Hillside High Schools,
1974 July
Box 11
Local Plan for Occupational
Education,
1974
Merit Rating research bulletin,
1959 Oct.
Ranking of school administrative units,
1968 July
Recommended personnel classification and pay plan,
1973 Sept.
Salaries and Supplemental School
Taxes research bulletin,
1967 Oct.
School reports
Brogden Junior High School,
1965
Carr Junior High School,
1965
Durham High School,
1965
Hillside High School,
1965
Holton Junior High School,
1965
Witted Junior High School,
1965
Committee on Accreditation report on 1965
school reports,
1966-1968
(4 folders)
School survey,
1969
School utilization report,
1975
Students out of School: Dropouts or
Pushouts?,
1974 July
Subject Files Series, 1959-1975 and undated, bulk 1967-1975
(5 boxes)
Topical files Harward kept related to the workings of the school
board. Includes proposals, meeting records, correspondence, some financial
records (particularly those related to school food service), policy statements,
clippings, and pamphlets. Of particular interest for documenting the ongoing
workings of and issues faced by the Durham City School Board are the extensive
files of meeting agendas, minutes, and information bulletins. Those interested
in the attempts to merge the city and county school districts will find
relevant information in the folders on the bond issues of various years, as
well as the more extensive materials contained in the Desgregation and
Redistricting Series.
Ability grouping,
1974
Abstract--Durham schools study,
1969-1971
Ad hoc committee on student affairs,
1972
Advisory committee,
1974
Agendas,
1970-1975
Athletic program,
1969-1975
Bids,
1975
Black studies,
undated
Bond issue,
1967, 1971-1973
(6 folders)
Book policies,
1969
Calendar,
1970-1975
City-county school commission,
1972-1973
Cooperative School for Pregnant School Girls,
1975
Construction,
1975
Correspondence,
1969-1975
Crest school correspondence,
1972
D.C.E.A. [
Durham City Education Association],
1967-1969
Box 13
Durham city schools aims--mission,
1973-1974
Durham County Library,
1968
Education Development Council,
1972
Evaluation of the Duke-Walltown tutoring program,
1972
Exceptional children evaluation,
1974
Food service,
1966-1975
(2 folders)
Green Circle program,
1971
Health benefits program,
1973
Holidays,
1972-1973
Information bulletins,
1969-1973
(4 folders)
Box 14
Information bulletins,
1974-1975
(2 folders)
Joint committee,
1959-1960, 1967
League of Women Voters,
1971
Minutes,
1967-1973
(6 folders)
Box 15
Minutes,
1974-1975
(3 folders)
Miscellaneous,
1975
Miscellaneous information,
1969-1975
(3 folders)
Miscellaneous proposals, reports, recommendations,
suggestions, etc.,
1970-1975
Box 16
Model for an assistant or an associate superintendent's
contract, undated
National Workshop for Management on Collective
Negotiations in Education,
1972
Newsletters, school papers, etc.,
1972-1974
Night school,
1975
Property,
1972-1973
Reading tests,
1971-1975
Rules and regulations,
1973
Sale of property,
1973-1975
School Law Bulletin,
1971-1975
Sick leave and substitute teacher regulations,
1972
Statistics,
1968
Southside school property,
1975
Student conduct,
1968-1969
Subcommittee on closing schools,
1974
Suspension of students, etc.,
1974-1975
Washington Fastreport,
1972-1973
Oversize Materials
(1 oversize folder)
Desgregation and Redistricting Series, 1972
Maps,
1972
