American Economic Association Directory of Members
http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AEA/directory_archives.htm
Basic infomation can be found in the AEA's current online directory.  There's also an Adobe Acrobat version of the directory that may not be quite as up-to-date.

Business and Economics Research Directory. 1996.
Perkins/Bostock Ref. HB74.5 .B875 1996
Lists almost 2,000 research institutes worldwide organized by country, with an alphabetical index, and about 1,500 periodical titles listed alphabetically. University departments and business schools are not included.

Capie, Forrest. Directory of Economic Institutions. 1990.
Perkins/Bostock Ref. HB74.5 .C37 1990
Organized by country and with an alphabetical index, intended to be of use to organizations who may commission research or request existing reports. The country listings give information about the nature of each organization, including the research interests, publications, objectives, and executives.

EDRIC : Economics Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World
http://edirc.repec.org/
Web database maintained by Christian Zimmerman of the University of Connecticut. 

ECONworld
http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=ecw
Alphabetical listing of the homepages of economic departments around the United States, along with some government agencies and other economics websites.

University Economics Departments, Faculties & Centres: Non - U.S.A
http://web.uvic.ca/econ/depts_Uvic.html
An international list of economics departments compiled by David Giles at the University of Victoria, Canada.  Listed by country.