Death in the Promised Land: The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921

duohp Inventory of the Duke University Oral History Program Collection, 1973-1978, 1992 Processed by: Lisa Hazirjian; machine-readable finding aid created by: Don Sechler

Aleph Number: 002494272

Machine-readable finding aid derived from paper by means of scanning and OCR; OCR file edited for typographical errors before encoding. Microsoft Word Date of source: February 1, 1998 Processed by Lisa Hazirjian February 1, 1998; Finding Aid encoded by Don Sechler, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University, November 16, 1998 Description is in English. 08-31-2005 PUBLIC "-//Duke University::David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library//TEXT (US::NDD::::Duke University Oral History Program Collection)//EN" "duohp.sgm" converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by v1to02.xsl (sy2003-10-15). Also, the top level of the finding aid (above the dsc) changed to conform to current Rubenstein Library and NC EAD standards as laid out in the Inventory Style Guide and in the NCEAD Best Practice Guidelines. Within the dsc, dates for series were normalized. These changes were made by Michelle Belden. Also, container TYPE and LABEL attribute values were standardized according to the Rubenstein Library EAD 2002 manual and the NCEAD eadlocal.ent by Ruth E. Bryan.The tag list inside index was changed to indexentry by Ruth E. Bryan. Inventory of the Duke University Oral History Program Collection, 1973-1978, 1992, & undated David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library Duke UniversityDurham, North Carolina 27708-0185

Descriptive Summary Duke University Oral History Program Collection, 1973-1978, 1992, and undated Duke University Oral History Program 10.3 Linear Feet 810 Items David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog. English. Administrative Information Access Restrictions

The Duke University Oral History Program Collection has been restricted due to the absence of release forms transferring intellectual property rights from interviewees or interviewers to researchers using the collections. Researchers are cautioned that the publication of information contained in these interviews may violate the legal rights of the interviewees and interviewers. It is the sole responsibility of researchers to secure permission from interviewees or interviewers to publish quotes from either, and to ensure that information gained from research in this collection is not used in any way that violates rights remaining with interviewees, interviewers, or their heirs. Patrons who wish to use this collection must sign a Restricted Materials Research Agreement, which may be obtained from any Special Collections reference staff person.

In addition, patrons must sign the Acknowledgment of Legal Responsibility and Privacy Rights form before using this collection.

Also, all or portions of this collection may be housed off-site in Duke University's Library Service Center. Consequently, there may be a 24-hour delay in obtaining these materials.

Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library to use this collection.

Use Restrictions

The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University. For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

Preferred Citation

[Identification of item], Duke University Oral History Program Collection, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.

Provenance

The Duke University Oral History Program Collection (1973-1978, 1992, & undated) was donated to the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library in 1983, 1992 and 1993 by William H. Chafe, Oral History Program, History Department Duke University, and in 1992 and 1993 by Timothy Tyson.

Processing Information

Processed by Lisa Hazirjian

Completed February 1, 1998

Encoded by Don Sechler

This finding aid is NCEAD compliant.

Collection Overview

The Duke University Oral History Program Collection contains 238 oral history interviews conducted by project participants in the years 1973-1978 and 1992. The majority of the oral history interviews deal with the civil rights movement in North Carolina, especially Durham, Chapel Hill, and Greensboro. Additionally, thirteen interviews deal with the Tulsa Race Riots, and fourteen interviews cover miscellaneous North Carolina topics. The collection also includes transcripts and research files related to the civil rights movement in North Carolina.

The collection is arranged in three series: Audiotapes, Transcripts, and Research Files. The Audiotapes Series consists of two identical sets of audiocassettes, one closed for preservation purposes and one open for researchers. The North Carolina Civil Rights Movement tapes, which make up the bulk of the series, include extensive interviews with Ella Baker, as well as hundreds of interviews with lesser-known but nonetheless important figures from the local movements in Greensboro, Durham, Chapel Hill, Weldon, and Monroe, N.C. The Tulsa Race Riots tapes include interviews conducted by Scott Ellsworth for his study Death in the Promised Land: The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921. The North Carolina Miscellaneous tapes include an interview with Alex Haley about his critically-acclaimed book, Roots, as well as conversations about such topics as the state's agricultural history and mountain culture in Western North Carolina. The Transcripts Series includes eighty transcripts, as well as some interview notes, corresponding to tapes dealing with the North Carolina civil rights movement. The Research Files Series contains six files of background material related to the civil rights movement in North Carolina, including articles and speeches by Governor Terry Sanford and a bibliography of material dealing with the Durham sit-ins, and one file listing tapes and transcripts in the collection.

Subject Headings

These are searchable subject entries for this collection. Performing a search on these subjects in the Duke University Libraries online catalog will bring up other related research materials.

Baker, Ella Afro-Americans--North Carolina--Civil rights. Civil rights--North Carolina--Chapel Hill. Civil rights--North Carolina--Durham. Civil rights--North Carolina--Greensboro. Civil rights--North Carolina--History. Civil rights--North Carolina--Monroe. Tulsa (Okla.)--Riot, 1921. Tulsa (Okla.)--Race relations. Oral History. Duke University Oral History Program. Contents of Collection Audiotapes Series, 1973-1978, 1992

The series includes two identical sets of taped oral history interviews. The master tapes in Subseries A serve as preservation copies and are closed to researchers; Subseries B contains a complete set of use tapes, which are open for use by all patrons. Each series contains 238 cassette tapes. The master tapes series contains an extra set of Ella Baker cassettes and also includes 4 reel-to-reel tapes, which duplicate the Ella Baker interviews available on cassettes. The tapes are arranged into three topical subseries: North Carolina Civil Rights Movement, Tulsa Race Riots, and Miscellaneous North Carolina.

Subseries A: Master Tapes The North Carolina Civil Rights Movement, 1973-1978, 1992

This subseries includes 211 cassette tapes, which have been arranged into three groups. The majority of these tapes deal with the civil rights movement in Chapel Hill, Greensboro and Durham, and their environs, and include extensive interviews with Ella Baker. The twenty-eight interviews conducted by Marcellus Barksdale in 1976 and 1977 predominantly cover the movement in Weldon and Monroe, N.C. These interviews formed part of the basis for his 1977 Ph.D. dissertation, The Indigenous Civil Rights Movement and Cultural Change in North Carolina: Weldon, Chapel Hill, and Monroe, 1946-1965. Larry Thomas and Timothy Tyson's eleven interviews, conducted in 1978 and 1992, respectively, deal with the civil rights movement in Monroe. Tyson drew on these interviews for his 1994 Ph.D. dissertation, Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power.

1 Adams, Charlotte Albright, J. W Ashby, Warren Atwater, Ann Atwater, Lula Augustine, Joe (2 cassettes) Baker, Ella (4 cassettes) Baker, Quinton (2 cassettes) Quinton, Baker/Pat Cusick (2 cassettes) Black & White Duke Students & Employees Boulware, C. E Bowers, Wayne & Mary (2 cassettes) Bowles, Charles (Mrs.) Brown, Bob Bulkley, Joel Bynum, Barbara Bynum, Sheila Caldwell, Edwin Jr. (3 cassettes) Caldwell, Hillard (2 cassettes) Calhoun, Dick Campbell, Sharon Carswell, John Clarence & Wife Clark, A. D. Collier, Cobb III Cotton, Charlie Pearl Curitan, William (2 cassettes) Cusick, Pat (4 cassettes) Dansby, David Dowdy, Lewis Dunne, John Evans, Docea Fitts, Howard Foster, Haddie B. (2 cassettes) Foster, Harold (3 cassettes) Foster, J., N. Coley & K. Troxler Foushee, Charles (2 cassettes) Foushee, James Foushee, Vivian (2 cassettes) Foushee, W. R. (2 cassettes) Foushee, W. M. French, Virginia (2 cassettes) Giduz, Roland (3 cassettes) Gulick, Margaret (2 cassettes) Harris, Maggie Scott Hicks, Charles and "Tink" Farrell Hill, George Watts Hill, Watts Jr. Hudgens, Eula Hughuely, Sadie Jarrett, H. & E. Edmonds Jones, Charles (3 cassettes) Kerley, Jack Khazan, J. (formerly Ezell Blair, Jr.) Klopfer, Peter Lassiter, Gaitha (2 cassettes) Lee, Howard (2 cassettes) Lineberry, Al Malone, C. C. (2 cassettes) Manley, J. R. (2 cassettes) Mark, Carolyn McClamrock (3 cassettes) McCoy, Cleo McDougall, C. A. and wife McLaurin, Bessie Morehead, David Moseley, Alexander Osborne, Robert Perry, Velma Phelps, Jake (2 cassettes) Phelps, Jon Queen, Anne Richardson, John Ruffin, Ben Sanford, Terry Schumaker, Jim (2 cassettes) Scroggs, Ross (2 cassettes) 2 Seiber, Hal Smith, David Smith, Reginald (2 cassettes) Snider, William (2 cassettes) Spearman, Walter Straley, Joe (2 cassettes) Strowd, Gene Sturdivant & Jones, Carrboro Barber Timerlake, Phyllis Wager, Paul Wallace, James Walters, Adelaide Weaver, Susie Williams, P. A Wilson, Hugh (3 cassettes) Unidentified (2 cassettes) North Carolina Civil Rights Movement: Marcellus Barksdale Tapes 2 Arrington, M & S. J. Cochran, L. Cooke (2 cassettes) Bazemore, P. E Belton, Edward (2 cassettes) Caldwell, Hilliard Campbell, J. A. and A. C. Cofield Clemonts, J. and M. Boone Cochran, Doris (2 cassettes) Cofield, A. C. and daughter Cosby, W. and Mrs. A. C. Mathews Faison, John W. Hathaway, A. and E. Rushing Hilliard, I. H. Matthews, A. C. (Mrs.) Moseley, Leroy Robinson, Louisiana Rorie, Magadalen Gillespie Rushing, James Sada, Rev. Walker, James R. (3 cassettes) Weaver, P. and R. D. Smith Wilson, Woodrow Winfield, B. J North Carolina Civil Rights Movement: Timothy Tyson & Larry Thomas Tapes 2 Banks, Daniel [pseudonym?] (2 cassettes) Bordeaux, Walter "C-Man" Grant, Jim Shepherd, A./Anon. [black male] (2 cassettes) Templeton, Eugene (2 cassettes) Yopp, Abbot D. Tulsa Race Riots

The Tulsa Race Riot interviews were conducted by Scott Ellsworth in 1978. These thirteen tapes were part of the basis for his 1982 book, Death in the Promised Land: the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.

2 Caruthers, B. E. Duckery, Nathaniel Fairchild, Robert (2 cassettes) Hodge, Victor Jones, Mozella Pittman, I. S. (Mr. & Mrs.) Whitlow, Henry Williams, N. C. Williams, Seymour Williams, William D. (2 cassettes) The Miscellaneous North Carolina tapes, 1973-1975

This Subseries includes an interview with Alex Haley about his book Roots, recordings of William Chafe dictating a letter to the Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation and a study of communal living, discussions with international students at Duke University, and interviews dealing with agriculture in the state and with traditional mountain life and culture in Western North Carolina. RESTRICTIONS: Since there are no release forms accompanying these interviews, researchers must seek the permission of copyright holders before publishing quotes from these sources.

2 Chafe, William (2 cassettes) Duke prof. (frmr. student) fr. Canada & student fr. Hong Kong Duke bs. student fr. Madras, India & student fr. the Phillippines Duke students fr. Hong Kong & the Phillippines Duke Students fr. Phillippines & Australia Haley, Alex Haytt, W. (Mrs.) & M. C. Nix Leatherwood, Lawrence & Elise McCrackern Mitofsky Siberman Strothers, Kerman C. Tunstall, Warren Wheeler Ella Baker Reel-to-Reel Tapes 3 Reel 1 Side A - Tape 1 Side B - Tape 1 Beginning of Side A - Tape 2 Reel 2 Rest of Side A - Tape Side B - Tape 2 Beginning of Side A - Tape 3 Reel 3 Rest of Tape 3 Side A - Tape 4 Beginning of Side B - Tape 4 Reel 4 Rest of Tape 4 Subseries B: Use Copy Tapes North Carolina Civil Rights Movement 4 Adams, Charlotte Albright, J. W Ashby, Warren Atwater, Ann Atwater, Lula Augustine, Joe (2 cassettes) Baker, Ella (4 cassettes) Baker, Quinton (2 cassettes) Quinton, Baker/Pat Cusick (2 cassettes) Black & White Duke Students & Employees Boulware, C. E Bowers, Wayne & Mary (2 cassettes) Bowles, Charles (Mrs.) Brown, Bob Bulkley, Joel Bynum, Barbara Bynum, Sheila Caldwell, Edwin Jr. (3 cassettes) Caldwell, Hillard (2 cassettes) Calhoun, Dick Campbell, Sharon Carswell, John Clarence & Wife Clark, A. D. Collier, Cobb III Cotton, Charlie Pearl Curitan, William (2 cassettes) Cusick, Pat (4 cassettes) Dansby, David Dowdy, Lewis Dunne, John Evans, Docea Fitts, Howard Foster, Haddie B. (2 cassettes) Foster, Harold (3 cassettes) Foster, J., N. Coley & K. Troxler Foushee, Charles (2 cassettes) Foushee, James Foushee, Vivian (2 cassettes) Foushee, W. R. (2 cassettes) Foushee, W. M. French, Virginia (2 cassettes) Giduz, Roland (3 cassettes) Gulick, Margaret (2 cassettes) Harris, Maggie Scott Hicks, Charles and "Tink" Farrell Hill, George Watts Hill, Watts Jr. Hudgens, Eula Hughuely, Sadie Jarrett, H. & E. Edmonds Jones, Charles (3 cassettes) Kerley, Jack Khazan, J. (formerly Ezell Blair, Jr.) Klopfer, Peter Lassiter, Gaitha (2 cassettes) Lee, Howard (2 cassettes) Lineberry, Al Malone, C. C. (2 cassettes) Manley, J. R. (2 cassettes) Mark, Carolyn McClamrock (3 cassettes) McCoy, Cleo McDougall, C. A. and wife McLaurin, Bessie Morehead, David Moseley, Alexander Osborne, Robert Perry, Velma Phelps, Jake (2 cassettes) Phelps, Jon Queen, Anne Richardson, John Ruffin, Ben Sanford, Terry Schumaker, Jim (2 cassettes) Scroggs, Ross (2 cassettes) Seiber, Hal 5 Seiber, Hal Smith, David Smith, Reginald (2 cassettes) Snider, William (2 cassettes) Spearman, Walter Straley, Joe (2 cassettes) Strowd, Gene Sturdivant & Jones, Carrboro Barber Timerlake, Phyllis Wager, Paul Wallace, James Walters, Adelaide Weaver, Susie Williams, P. A Wilson, Hugh (3 cassettes) Unidentified (2 cassettes) North Carolina Civil Rights Movement: Marcellus Barksdale Tapes 5 Arrington, M & S. J. Cochran, L. Cooke (2 cassettes) Bazemore, P. E Belton, Edward (2 cassettes) Caldwell, Hilliard Campbell, J. A. and A. C. Cofield Clemonts, J. and M. Boone Cochran, Doris (2 cassettes) Cofield, A. C. and daughter Cosby, W. and Mrs. A. C. Mathews Faison, John W. Hathaway, A. and E. Rushing Hilliard, I. H. Matthews, A. C. (Mrs.) Moseley, Leroy Robinson, Louisiana Rorie, Magadalen Gillespie Rushing, James Sada, Rev. Walker, James R. (3 cassettes) Weaver, P. and R. D. Smith Wilson, Woodrow Winfield, B. J North Carolina Civil Rights Movement: Timothy Tyson & Larry Thomas Tapes 5 Banks, Daniel [pseudonym?] (2 cassettes) Bordeaux, Walter "C-Man" Grant, Jim Shepherd, A./Anon. [black male] (2 cassettes) Templeton, Eugene (2 cassettes) Yopp, Abbot D. Tulsa Race Riots 5 Caruthers, B. E. Duckery, Nathaniel Fairchild, Robert (2 cassettes) Hodge, Victor Jones, Mozella Pittman, I. S. (Mr. & Mrs.) Whitlow, Henry Williams, N. C. Williams, Seymour Williams, William D. (2 cassettes) North Carolina Miscellaneous 5 Chafe, William (2 cassettes) Duke prof. (frmr. student) fr. Canada & student fr. Hong Kong Duke bs. student fr. Madras, India & student fr. the Phillippines Duke students fr. Hong Kong & the Phillippines Duke Students fr. Phillippines & Australia Haley, Alex Haytt, W. (Mrs.) & M. C. Nix Leatherwood, Lawrence & Elise McCrackern Mitofsky Siberman Strothers, Kerman C. Tunstall, Warren Wheeler Transcripts Series, 1974, 1978, 1992

The series includes eighty transcripts of some, but not all, of the interviews in the North Carolina Civil Rights Movement Audiotapes Subseries. Some transcript files include notes on the corresponding interview, usually providing background information about the interviewee. These transcripts are arranged alphabetically by last name of the interviewee; transcripts for multiple interviews of one person are arranged chronologically. RESTRICTIONS: Since there are no release forms accompanying these transcripts, patrons must seek the permission of copyright holders before publishing quotes from these sources.

6 Anonymous (black male), 1978, July 10 (2 folders) Adams, Charlotte, 1974, Aug. 21 Augustine, Joe, 1974, June 10, 14 Baker, Quinton, 1974, June 2 (2 folders) "Barnabus" and Darryl Franks, 1978, May 14 Blackwood, Roy, undated Bordeaux, Walter, undated Bowers, Wayne and Mary, 1974, June 6 Brown, Bob, 1974, June 6 Bulkley, Joel, 1974, June 14 Bynum, Sheila, 1974, June 5 C-Man, 1978, Aug, 12, 16 Caldwell, Hilliard, 1974, June 4 Calhoun, Richard, 1974, June 3 Campbell, Sharon Sitton, undated Carr, Warren, 1978, Jan. 31 Carswell, John, undated Chestnutt, undated Clarence and wife, 1974, June 16 Clark, A. D., undated Cobb, Collier, 1974, June 14 Cooper, Thomas, 1974, June 6 Cotten, Charles Pearl, undated Curitan, William, 1974, Aug. 25 Cusick, Pat, 1974, June 10 (2 folders) Dansby, David, 1974, June 6 Dunne, John, 1974, June 8 Foushee, Braxton, 1974, June 6 Foushee, Charles, 1974, June 5 Foushee, James, 1974, June 9 Foushee, Vivian, 1974, June 4 Foushee, W. R., 1974, June 4-5 French, Virginia, 1974, June 5 Gulick, Margared, 1974, June 6 Grant, Jim, 1978, July 10 Hearn, James, 1974, June 10 Herzog, Frederick, 1974, June 10 Hicks, Charles and "Tink" Farrell, 1974, June 8 Hill, George Watts, undated Hill, Watts, 1974, June 14 Jones, Charles, 1974, June 6 Klopfer, Peter, 1974, June 5 Lassiter, Gaitha, 1974, Aug. 21 Lee, Howard, 1974, Aug. 27 Malone, C. C., 1974, Aug. 23 Manley, J. R., 1974, June 12 McClamrock, Sandy, 1974, June 5 McDougall, C. A. and wife, 1974, June 6 McKissick, Floyd, 1978, Oct. 2 Minor, Paul, 1974, June 12 Moore, Douglas E., 1978, Jan 28 Nye, Kemp, 1974, June 10 Osborn, Robert, 1974, June 4 Pendergraft, Don, 1974, June 10 Perry, Velma, 1974, June 6 Phelps, Jake, 1974, June 6 Queen, Ann, 1974, June 11 Sanford, Terry, 1974, Aug. 29 Schumaker, Jim, 1974, June 6 Shepherd, Ann, 1978, July 10 Smith, David, 1974, June 5 Smith, Reginald, 1974, June 4, 13 (2 folders) Spearman, Walter, 1974, June 5 Straley, Joe, 1974, Aug. 17 Strowd, Gene, 1974, Aug. 27 Sturdivant and Jones, 1974, June Templeton, Eugene, 1978, Aug. 1 7 Timberlake, Phyllis, 1974, June 5 Wager, Paul, 1974, Aug. 7 Wallace, James, 1974, June 12 Walters, Adelaide, 1974, June 10 Weaver, Susie, 1974, June White, undated Wilson, Hugh, 1974, June 5 Yopp, Abbot P., 1992, Aug. 15 Research Files Series, 1960-1964

The Research Files Series consist of five files of research material on the North Carolina Civil Rights Movement, as well as one file of tape and transcript lists. The materials include a bibliography on the Durham sit-ins, compiled by Elyse Gallo; articles and speeches by Governor Terry Sanford; a file on the movement from 1960 to 1964; and three files of related background information.

8 Research 1960-1964 Background (3 folders) Durham Sit-ins Bibliography Terry Sanford Tapes and transcript lists