gardnerp Inventory of the Paris Cleveland Gardner Papers, 1834-1976 Processed by: Steve Hensen; machine-readable finding aid created by: Stephen Douglas Miller

Aleph Number: 000784972

Machine-readable finding aid derived from paper by means of scanning and OCR; OCR file edited for typographical errors before encoding. Date of source: January 10, 1989 Processed by: Steve Hensen January 10, 1989; Finding Aid encoded by Stephen Douglas Miller, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University. March 31, 1997 Description is in English. 09-09-2005 PUBLIC "-//Duke University::David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library//TEXT (US::NDD::::Paris Cleveland Gardner Papers)//EN" "gardnerp.sgm" converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by v1to02.xsl (sy2003-10-15). Also, the top level of the finding aid (above the dsc) changed to conform to current Rubenstein Library and NC EAD standards as laid out in the Inventory Style Guide and in the NCEAD Best Practice Guidelines. Within the dsc, dates for series were normalized. These changes were made by Michelle Belden. Also, container TYPE and LABEL attribute values were standardized according to the Rubenstein Library EAD 2002 manual and the NCEAD eadlocal.ent by Ruth E. Bryan.The tag list inside index was changed to indexentry by Ruth E. Bryan. June 29, 1998 Updated to EAD Version 1.0 from EAD Beta by Stephen Miller Inventory of the Paris Cleveland Gardner Papers, 1834-1976 David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library Duke UniversityDurham, North Carolina

Descriptive Summary Paris Cleveland Gardner Papers, 1834-1976 Gardner, Paris Cleveland, 1887-1974 5.4 Linear Feet 3,156 Items Duke University. David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog. English. Administrative Information Access Restrictions

Collection is open for research.

However, patrons must sign the Acknowledgment of Legal Responsibility and Privacy Rights form before using this collection.

Also, all or portions of this collection may be housed off-site in Duke University's Library Service Center. Consequently, there may be a 24-hour delay in obtaining these materials.

Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library to use this collection.

Use Restrictions

The status of the copyright interests in these papers is unknown. For further information, see the section on copyright in the Regulations and Procedures of the Rubenstein Library.

Preferred Citation

[Identification of item], The Papers of Paris Cleveland Gardner, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.

Provenance

The papers of Paris Cleveland Gardner, lawyer and politician of Cleveland County, N.C., and Washington, D.C., were acquired by the Rubenstein Library through gift in 1975.

Processing Information

Processed by: Steve Hensen

Completed January 10, 1989

Encoded by Stephen Douglas Miller

This finding aid is NCEAD compliant.

Biographical Note 1887 Jan. 7 Born, Shelby, Cleveland County, N.C. 1916 LL.B., University of North Carolina. 1916-1924 Practiced law in Hominy, Osage County, OK 1919 Married Tazewell Lloyd of Chapel Hill, N.C. 1924-1939 Practiced law in Shelby, N.C. 1926-1932 Solicitor of Recorder's Court, Cleveland County, N.C. 1939 Relocated to Chapel Hill, N.C. 1941-1962 Staff attorney, Federal Trade Commission, Washington, D.C. 1974 Sept. 16 Died, Chapel Hill, N.C. Collection Overview

The papers of Paris Cleveland Gardner span the years 1834 to 1976, though they fall chiefly in the period 1920 to 1951. They consist of correspondence, legal papers, case files, printed matter, and clippings.

Included are some papers relating to Gardner's personal life and affairs in Cleveland County, N.C., and in Oklahoma. Of particular interest is correspondence relating to local, state, and national Democratic Party politics and elections in North Carolina in the 1920s and 1930s. Correspondents of note in this group include Richard Fountain, O. Max Gardner, and Robert R. Reynolds. Also present are some case files relating to Gardner's private legal practice, including the 1917 case of Leroy Cowthen, a member of the International Workers of the World (I.W.W.) who was being harassed; the investigation of the Humphreys family claims to the title of a profitable oil field near Beaumont, Tex.; and a file on the Shelby (N.C.) Building and Loan Association. Also included in a file of miscellaneous material is some genealogical material on the Harman family.

By far the bulk of the papers are represented by the Federal Trade Commission files. As an attorney-examiner with the F.T.C. between 1941 and 1962, Gardner worked with cases involving alleged deceptive advertising practices in the print media and radio. The individual files contain factual summaries of evidence in each case as well as occasional recommendations for action.

While the files here probably do not represent a complete record of Gardner's work with the F.T.C., they do provide ample illustration of the methods and practices of the government as it attempted to regulate false and misleading advertising.

Most of the cases represented in these files went through the office of Gardner's superior, D. B. Gatling, who was Chief of the Division of Radio and Periodical Advertising. The F.T.C. files in the so-called Packets and Alphabetical Files contain documentation regarding routine complaints about mostly small proprietary companies, though there are exceptions - most notably, the series of files on the American Tobacco Company, relating principally to misuse and distortions of testimonials from tobacco buyers and smokers in advertising. For the most part, the cases in these files rarely went beyond the preliminary stages of investigation. The Secondary Review Files are generally more substantive, representing cases on which some sort of action was taken. Also included are some of Gardner's personnel files from the F.T.C. While the reason for their inclusion with the case files is not altogether clear, the original order and contents of these files has been maintained nevertheless.

Subject Headings

These are searchable subject entries for this collection. Performing a search on these subjects in the Duke University Libraries online catalog will bring up other related research materials.

Gardner, Paris Cleveland, 1887-1974 Gardner, Oliver Max, 1882-1947. Humphrey family. Reynolds, Robert Rice, 1884-1963. Fountain, Richard Tillman, 1885-1945. American Tobacco Company. Democratic Party (N.C.) Industrial Workers of the World. United States.--Federal Trade Commission. Deceptive advertising. Cleveland County (N.C.)--Politics and government. Advertising--Tobacco trade. Lawyers--North Carolina Contents of Collection Information Folder

Contains biographical information on Gardner and his family; material on the structure and operations of the F.T.C.

Correspondence Series

Principally personal correspondence relating to real estate interests in Oklahoma and politics in North Carolina and Cleveland County. Arranged chronologically.

1 Correspondence, 1919-1943 and undated (4 folders) Legal Papers Series

Includes correspondence, legal papers, clippings, and other papers relating to legal cases with which Gardner was involved. Arranged alphabetically.

1 Leroy Cowthen case, 1917 Crowell vs. Crowell, 1920-1924 and undated Humphreys family case, 1834-1932 Shelby and Cleveland County Building and Loan Association, M. A. Gardner residence, 1928-1929 Legal papers, 1926-1931 and undated Printed Materials Series

Includes campaign brochures, broadsides, flyers, advertisements, sample ballots, printed speeches, etc., almost all from North Carolina.

1 Printed materials, 1918-1935 and undated Miscellany Series

Includes Cleveland County, N.C., political lists, Harman family genealogical material, and other materials.

1 Miscellany, 1926-1948 and undated Clippings Series 2 Clippings, 1918-1936 and undated (3 folders) F.T.C. Files Series

Includes subseries: Packets, 1-13; Alpha Files, A-W; and Secondary Review Cases, 1948-1951.

Packets Subseries 2 Packet 1: Active Clothing Co.; Allegany Oil Co.; American Cigarette and Cigar Co.; Aurex Corporation; B. T. Babbit, Inc. Packet 1: Burbrooke Mfg. Co. et al.; Buschs; Colony House Packet 1: Cosmetic industry 3 Packet 2: Capital City College, Inc., et al.; Cello-Plastic Chemical Co.; Ceres Lunch, Inc. Packet 2: M.A. Chapman & Son; Chaston; Cigarette Investigation Packet 2: Clean-Rite Vacuum Stores Packet 2: Clopay Corporation; Louis Cohen, et al.; Colorcrete Industries, Inc.; Colorthru Chemical; Combustion Service, Inc. Packet 2: Combustion Service Co.; Comfort Manufacturing Co.; OOFC Retail Liquor Dealers Assoc. Packet 2: Electrovox Company; Elmira Steel Co.; Emerson Drug Co. 4 Packet 3: H.D. Fine, et al.; F.W. Fitch Co.; Forty Second Street Photo Shop; Francis Keil & Son, Inc.; Freilay & Sons, Inc. Packet 3: General Electric Co.; General Motors; Globe Laboratories; Louis Goldberg (ACME Mail Order Houses); Good Value Bargain House Packet 3: Goulard & Clean, Inc.; Gulf & West Indies Co., Inc.; Earl Hall (United Watch Co.); Harding Glass Company Packet 3: Hercules Liquor Products Corp., N.Y.; C.L. Hoffman Corp.; Home Service Co., et al. Packet 3: Hoover Manufacturing & Sales Co. Packet 3: H. G. Hornbrook (Apex Oil Product Co.); C. Howard Hunt Pen Co.; J.M. Hughes 5 Packet 4: International Research; Interstate Home Equipment Co., Inc.; Jackson Research Labs Packet 4: David Jacobs & Allied News-Photo Service Corp.; B. Jadow Inc.; Kaplan & Lacoff; Katz Drug Co.; Harry Kaufman, Inc. Packet 4: Milton S., Kronheim & Son, Inc., et al. (second investigation); Kruset Packet 4: The Kenyon Studies; Koh-I-Noor Pencil Co., et al. Packet 4: Kopy Kat; The Korby Co. Packet 4: Lane Drug Co.; Lee Products Co.; Lekas & Drivas; Long's Packet 4: Lion Oil Refining Co.; London Handkerchief Co.; Londonderry, Inc.; MacMillan Petroleum Corp.; R. H. Macy & Co.; Majestic Metal Novelty Co. 6 Packet 5: Marco Company, Inc. Packet 5: Mira-Glo Products, Inc. Packet 5: Merck & Co., Inc.; Nylo Company, Inc.; O'Cedar Corp. Packet 5: Penn Poultry Service Packet 5: Perfect Brush Manufacturing Co.; Peter Morton Sportsware, Inc.; Printwell Co., et al.; C.W. Products Co.; Rex Remedy Co.; Rice Sticks Dry Goods Co.; A. Rabin; Ruckel Manufacturing Co. Packet 6: P.C. Gardner Medical Claim 7 Packet 7: American Tobacco Co. Packet 8: Gardner, P. C. - Official Efficiency Rating; Application for Leave; Efficiency Rating; New and old forms of contact letters Packet 8: Secondary Reviews, 1949 July-1950 Mar. See also 12 (5 folders) 8 Packet 8: American Tobacco Co., 1 Packet 9: American Tobacco Co., 2, interviews of witnesses Packet 10: American Tobacco Co., 3 Packet 10: American Tobacco Co., 4 Packet 11: Parr Vitamin Co., et al.; Pioneer Publications, Inc.; Sea Island Mills, Inc.; The Sealtex Co.; Searta Associates, Inc., et al. Packet 11: Siegel Rothschild Gans Brothers, Inc.; The Silex Co.; Somerville Mfg. Co.; Southern Chemical Co.; Joseph Sperling Packet 11: Steelco Stainless Steel Co., Inc.; Stone-Tarlow Co., Inc.; Students Book Co.; E.Z. Suds Products Co. Packet 11: The Sullivan Co.; Thomas B. Keen Co., et al.; Tomlinson of Highpoint 9 Packet 12: R.M. Taylor Co.; Turbanwav, Inc.; William C. Tyson Packet 13: Unnamed automobile dealers, 1:1 Packet 13: Unnamed automobile dealers, 1:2 Packet 13: Unnamed Tobacco Manufacturers; United States Shoe Corp.; U.S. Surplus Commodities Co., Inc.; Vanleigh Furniture Co., Inc.; Vit-O-Cel Dietaids Co., et al. Packet 13: Waldmere Hatcher,et al.; Walsh Refractories, Corp.; Washington Tobacco Co.; Western Electric Co., Inc.; Williams Gold Refining Co., Inc.; Willys-Overland Motors, Inc., et al.; Zenith Radio Corp. Alphabetical Files Subseries 10 A-B: The American Polish Co.; American Tobacco Co. (memo); Beaverton Bulbs; Bristol-Meyers Co.; Builders Products (Easter Small) trading as Builders Products; Burton Sales Co. C: Chattanooga Medicine Co.; Certa-Vin Co.; Chicago Roller Skate Co.; Consumer Credit vs. P.C. Gardner; Courant Distributing Co.; D-F: Dandruff Corp.; Enterprise Paint; Florence Etta's Wyo-Min-Pro, Inc.; Foley & Co.; Franksville Specialty Co. G-H: Garlick-y Laboratories; Gates Rubber Co.; Gum Laboratories, Inc.; H-A-P-I-A Distributors; House of Marshall; Hydro Power Sales, Inc. J-L: Janney-Semple Hill & Co.; Jewel Promotions; Kelife Products, Inc.; Knomark Manufacturing Co.; Dr. Larson's Calf-Nipple Feeder M: Marcellus Co.; Mils, Inc.; Milter Products; Miner's Medicine Co., et al.; Miss Ruth, Inc.; Mogelewsky 11 N: New Book Company; New York Tailors O-Sc: Oregon Drug Products; Perma Plastic Products Pierce & Stevens, Inc.; Premier Knitting Co., et al.; Rest-Well Bed Board Co.; Ansel W. Robison Co.; Scientific Electric Co.; Scotch Woolen Mills; I Schwartz Sea: Sears, Roebuck & Co. Sem-Sw: R.B. Sealer, Inc.; Shemano's Hair & Scalp Method, Inc.; Slack Filled Griffin Smtih; Sonotone Corp.; Standard Chemical Mfg. Co.; Standard Dry Wall Products, Inc.; H.A. Stuart Co.; H. Swartz; Sweet Brier, Inc. T-V: Talbo, Inc.; Tecots Products Co., Inc.; The Texas Co.; Theobald Industries; Tower Eye Glass Co.; Townsend National Weekly, Inc.; Joseph Triner Corp.; Van Patton Pharmaceutical Co.; Viewtone Television and Radio Corp. W: W & M Products Co.; Whitehall Pharmacal Co.; Wildroot Company, Inc. Secondary Reviews Subseries 12 Secondary Reviews 1948 Jan.-1950 July See also packet 8 for 1950 Mar. (8 Folders) 13 Secondary Reviews 1950 Aug.-1951 Aug. (7 folders) Miscellany: Worksheets for 1948-1951, Division of Radio and Periodical Advertising; Index of Active cases, 1949 Feb. Miscellany: Independent Tobacco Experts Survey, 1941.