Inventory of the Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) Archives, 1885-1990s
Collection Overview
The Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) Archives document the operations and activities of the OAAA, the primary professional organization throughout the modern history of the outdoor advertising industry in the U.S., 1885-1990s. The bulk of material falls between 1941 and 1980, that is between the entry of the United States into World War II and the end of the 1970s, a period that witnessed rapid and radical changes in the ways that Americans viewed and used the outdoors. The collection also includes materials pertaining to the OAAA's predecessor organizations such as the Poster Advertising Association, Associated Bill Posters, the Painted Outdoor Advertising Association, and the International Bill Poster's Association of North America. Some of the major outdoor advertising companies and organizations represented in this collection include: General Outdoor; Foster & Kleiser; United Advertising; Institute of Outdoor Advertising (IOA); National Outdoor Advertising Bureau (NOAB); and Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (OAI). There is some information on the outdoor industry abroad as well, especially Canada and the England/U.K. Taken as a whole, the collection reflects the activities and concerns (as well as the record-keeping practices) of the outdoor advertising industry.
Although physically organized into 23 series in alphabetical order, the collection may also be collocated intellectually into five main themes or topical areas: organization, affiliations, operational activities, technical activities, and audio-visual material. These broad categories reflect the scope of activities undertaken by the OAAA, the network of trade associations, professional organizations, governmental regulatory bodies, material manufacturers and engineering societies, and member associates. There is considerable overlap among the subjects covered by the various series, so searches of multiple series (and/or keyword electronic searches) should be undertaken to obtain a comprehensive view of the collection.
Included in the collection are multiple-format materials: paper files, printed materials, photographs, slides, blueprints, placards and metal signage. Other materials are a wide variety of media and formats, such as correspondence, directories, published materials (such as technical and periodic reports, newsletters and bylaws), membership records, texts of speeches, articles and clippings, minutes of association meetings, and industry publications such as the long-running serial The Poster. The numerous photographs scattered in files have been given index numbers and have been replaced in the files by photocopies so the originals may be better preserved and more accessible for browsing. The original images are located in the Photographs and Negatives Series, and are organized by index numbers. A searchable online database, Resource of Outdoor Advertising Descriptions (ROAD), contains descriptions of these images.
Researchers interested in the organization of the OAAA might begin with the following series: Administration--Officers; Budget / Finance; Constitution & Bylaws; History; Meetings; Organization--Committees; and Organization--Departments and Divisions. These series document the overall organizational structure and operations of the OAAA, its board, committees and departments, as well as the record of its activities as reflected in meeting minutes, budgets, and its governing bylaws and policies. The OAAA was organized as a corporation, with a president and key officers elected from the Association membership. A Chairman's Advisory Committee assisted the Association leadership. Prominent officers represented in the collection include Frank Cawl, Karl Ghaster, and Walter Holan. Below that, the OAAA followed a dual line and staff organizational structure in which functions and activities determined the range of departmental divisions, and each division was overseen by an administrative committee which carried the same name as the division or department. Key divisions within the Association include the Public Policy, Research and Engineering, Business Development, and Plant Development divisions.
Material pertaining to the industry affiliations of the outdoor advertising industry is contained in the following series: History, International, Membership, Notre Dame, Outdoor Advertising Companies, Publications, State Associations, and Trade Organizations. This theme includes the regional and state outdoor advertising associations, along with the outdoor advertising companies that comprised the membership of the OAAA. Prominent among these are the General Outdoor Advertising Co., Foster & Kleiser Company, the R.C. Maxwell Company, John Donnelly and Sons, the Thomas Cusack Company, Columbus Outdoor, and United Advertising. In addition, the collection documents the activities of a number of professional organizations linked to outdoor advertising, such as the Association of National Advertisers, the Associated Advertising Clubs of America, the Advertising Federation of America, the American Association of Advertising Agencies, the American Advertising Federation, the National Outdoor Advertising Bureau, Outdoor Advertising, Inc., the Institute of Outdoor Advertising, the International Congress of Outdoor Advertising, and Notre Dame University's School of Outdoor Advertising.
The operational activities of the outdoor industry are documented mainly in the following series: Campaign Case Studies, Issues and Activities, Local Markets, and Regulation. These activities included sales, industry promotion and education, the monitoring of legislation and public policy affecting outdoor advertising, and public service campaigns. Operational activities linked the OAAA and outdoor advertising to the larger world, through such programs as patriotic and public service campaigns, as well as advocacy and promotional efforts through trade and general-audience publications. In addition, these files document the OAAA’s participation in the public debate over issues directly concerning outdoor advertising, such as zoning ordinances, advertising regulation, and visual aesthetics. There are files on research firms and researchers such as A.C. Nielsen, Bruskin Associates, General Media, John Paver and Wilbur Smith. These series show the interactions between the OAAA and both governmental and non-governmental agencies and interest groups, such as the American Automobile Association, the National Safety Council, the Advertising Council (and its precursor the War Advertising Council), and the General Federation of Women's Clubs, as well as some notable individual activists such as Elizabeth Lawton. The materials in these files show the relationships, sometimes oppositional but frequently collaborative, between these agencies and the OAAA, over topics that included legislation and litigation over the regulation of outdoor advertising (at state and local as well as at the federal level) displays (posters, signs, and billboards), patriotism (especially during World War II), the energy crisis, urban renewal, zoning ordinances, the Highway Beautification Act (pursuant to the Federal Highway Acts), and highway and traffic safety. Also included in the series in this topical area are case studies of a wide range of outdoor advertising campaigns, involving such client companies as the Kellogg Company, Ford Motor Company, the Morton Salt Company, Swift and Co., and the Clark Candy Company (now owned by New England Confectionery Company). In addition, the OAAA and its membership conducted advertising campaigns designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the outdoor medium, using famous figures such as Calvin Coolidge, Woodrow Wilson, Miss America Shirley Cothran, and even with a fictitious automobile, the Testa car.
Technologies and research-related activities involved in outdoor advertising are represented in the series: Audience / Readership; Physical Structure; Research; and Traffic Audit Bureau. These series address those activities that comprise the production and display of outdoor advertising, such as billboard structure standards; research on paint, paper and glue; illumination; sign legibility; layout and typography; and posting practices. These files include materials on advertising reception and recall, traffic counts and other market-related research. Research aimed at improving the efficiency of outdoor advertising includes studies of billboard and poster placement, standardized sizes of billboards and posters, legibility studies, the development of market research methodologies, and the audits of individual poster plants to ensure industry-wide standard practices. In addition, the OAAA engaged in ongoing research into the technical aspects of manufacturing and posting outdoor advertising displays, through studies of billboard structure construction and engineering, building and plant maintenance, landscaping, paint and color research, paper, glue, illumination techniques and standards, the formation and modification of building codes and code compliance, and workplace safety. These activities involved ongoing relationships between the OAAA and a number of research and engineering agencies and associations, such as the A.C. Nielsen Company (readership studies), the Simmons Market Research Bureau, Wilbur Smith and Associates, the Barney Link Fellowship (academic research), the Traffic Audit Bureau (a nationwide organization based in N.Y.), Raymond Loewy Associates (developer of the Loewy panels), the Tiffen Art Metal Co. (all-metal billboard structures), Bruskin Associates (foot-traffic research), Daniel Starch and Staff, and Axiom (market research).
The audio-visual files, which include the Publications Series; the Video, Film and Audio Recordings Series; and the Photographs and Negatives Series, contain materials such as photographs, slides, negatives, trade and Association publications, training films, and audio recordings of presentations. A searchable on-line database (Resource of Outdoor Advertising Descriptions --ROAD) contains descriptions of the majority of these photographs, slides and negatives. Please contact a reference archivist for information on accessing the ROAD resource. Photographs, negatives, and slides are available for research usage. Films, videotapes and audio recordings are closed for preservation reasons.
Glossary of Key Terms Used in Outdoor Advertising
NOTE: Trade terms in the glossary text in boldface indicate that those terms also have an entry in this glossary.
3-Sheet Poster: A poster measuring 6' high by 3' wide, usually found along the outer walls of retail stores.
6-Sheet Poster: A poster measuring 4'4" x 9'10", usually found near retail stores. This was originally the size meant by the term Junior Poster
8-Sheet Poster: A poster format measuring 6' x 12' overall with a bleed area of 5' x 11'. The 8-sheet posters are prominent features around retail establishments, and are widely used for advertising around neighborhoods. They also gained popularity among farm equipment suppliers for economical and seasonal reminder advertising. They are also currently known as Junior Posters.
24-Sheet Poster: The most widely used poster size in North America, and what most people mean when they refer to billboards. These posters have a copy area measuring 8'8" high by 19'6" wide.
30-Sheet Poster: The largest standard poster size, measuring 12'3" x 24'6" overall with a bleed area of 10'5" x 22'8".
Allotments: The number of poster panels that make up a showing.
Animation: Devices or techniques used to create the illusion of movement in a poster or bulletin display. Animation may be mechanical, like a moving armature or figure, or it may be achieved with lighting patterns. The famous Coca-Cola spectacular at Times Square, for example, uses programmed lights to create the illusion that the Coke bottle regularly fills and empties.
Approach: In a line of travel, the distance from which an advertising structure first becomes fully visible to the point where the copy is no longer readable (having passed out of sight). Sometimes descriptive terms are used, such as Flash Approach, Short Approach, Medium Approach, or Long Approach, which also indicate the relative duration that an advertising structure remains visible to a potential reader in traffic.
Flash Approach: For pedestrian traffic, it refers to an approach distance of under 40'; for vehicles an approach of under 75' (for vehicles moving under 30 miles per hour) to under 100' (for vehicles moving over 30 mph).
Short Approach: For pedestrian traffic, an approach distance between 40'-75'; for vehicles an approach distance from 75'-150' (under 30 miles per hour) to 100'-200' (over 30 mph).
Medium Approach: For pedestrian traffic, an approach distance between 75'-125'; for vehicles an approach distance from 150'-250' (under 30 miles per hour) to 200'-350' (over 30 mph).
Long Approach: For pedestrian traffic, an approach distance greater than 125'; for vehicles an approach from over 250' (under 30 miles per hour) to over 350' (over 30 mph).
Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC): An independent auditing organization that conducts advertising and readership research, primarily in newspapers and magazines. It was founded in 1914, and continues its research mission today. The pre-eminent print media research organization in the world, it served as the model for the Traffic Audit Bureau. In fact, TAB was conceived to provide the same kinds of service to the outdoor advertising industry that ABC provided for the print industry.
Audited Circulation: The Traffic Audit Bureau (TAB) investigates and determines the circulation for a given advertising location, based on procedures generally accepted by the business community. The Audit Bureau of Circulations is another independent reporting firm that provides similar research services.
Awareness: The degree to which one remembers having seen a particular ad in a test market.
Billboard: A generic term that refers to any large outdoor advertising sign. These may be any of the many multiple-sheet posters, painted bulletins, wall murals, stadium signs, and so on. However, in popular use, the term billboard refers to the standard 24-sheet poster, along with its physical structure, which became a ubiquitous part of the American roadside architecture. The outdoor industry dropped "billboard" as a technical term in the early 1930s, due to negative connotations, but the word has persisted in the popular vocabulary of the American public to this day.
Blanked ad: In a recall or awareness study, portions of a poster's copy, usually the advertiser's name, brand name, or marketing slogan, are covered and hidden from view. Respondents are asked if they can identify the ad despite the missing or covered copy elements.
Blanking: The white paper border surrounding poster copy.
Bleed Area: Bleed is when printed images run all the way to the edge of the page, as opposed to standard printing which leaves a white border around the image. Bleeds are usually printed larger than the finished image (called trim size). The part of the printed image's margin that is trimmed away to achieve a final size is called the bleed area. It differs from cropping, in which a part of the actual image is removed.
Bleed-Through: A situation where previous advertising copy can be seen though present copy. Also called show-through.
Blister: Air pockets that sometimes form between the sheets of a poster and the posting surface.
Circulation: The traffic volume at a given location; it is synonymous with traffic. Circulation refers to the circulation of people in an urban landscape. Beginning in 1912, the outdoor advertising industry became increasingly concerned with the growing urban concentration of people, the patterns of circulation of people, and the challenge of locating advertising structures at points of maximum circulation.
Cooperative Account: An outdoor advertising campaign in which both the manufacturer and the distributor of a product share the costs of advertising.
Copy: The pictorial design, background, and message combined in a display on a poster or bulletin. Copy refers to all of the elements that go into a billboard design, not just the textual message.
Counting Station: A specific point along a traffic artery where vehicles are counted in order to determine traffic volume.
Coverage: The placement of an outdoor advertising message on a network of principal thoroughfares so that the advertiser's message reaches as many people, as often as possible, throughout a given display period.
Cut-Outs: Figures or mechanical devices that are attached to a poster structure to create a 3-dimensional effect.
Daily Effective Circulation (DEC): The size of the audience that has the opportunity to see a given advertising message in a 24-hour period. It is the least number of people counted in the Daily Gross Circulation (DGC) who have a reasonable opportunity to see an advertising display. The basic formula is: 50% of pedestrian DGC traffic; 50% of motor vehicle traffic; and 25% of mass transportation traffic.
Daily Gross Circulation (DGC): The total number of persons who pass by a given set of panels (a representative showing) in a given day.
Daily Impressions: Another term for Daily Effective Circulation; an estimate of the number of people who pass by a given outdoor ad.
Display Period: The duration of an advertising display, as stipulated in a posting contract.
District Showing: A showing where posters are displayed in only a portion of a market (hence the term district), rather than in the whole market.
Effective Circulation: The potential audience for a given advertising structure.
Electric Spectacular: A flashing or neon lighted display generally seen at points of high congestion or at tourist attractions. New York City's Times Square; the Boardwalk at Atlantic City, New Jersey; and the strip in Las Vegas are examples of sites famous for their large concentrations of dramatic spectaculars.
Extension: Another term for cutout; additional copy beyond the panel face of a bulletin or billboard.
Face: The surface area of an outdoor advertising structure.
Facing: The side of an advertising structure visible to traffic flow.
Flagging: A tear on a poster, which causes it to hang loose, like a flag.
Frequency: The number of times a person has a chance to see a given advertising message during a showing period.
Gross Rating Points (GRP): The total number of impressions delivered by a showing. GRP are figured by dividing the Daily Effective Circulation (DEC) by the market population.
Hoarding: An early word for billboard. Originally, a hoarding, from the Old French word for "fence," referred to the fencing placed around construction sites. Its association with advertising came from the fact that such fences were handy posting surfaces for bill posters. Eventually fences, along with large wall-like structures, were erected specifically for advertising purposes along roadways. Modern billboards represent the culmination of historical efforts to control the placement of outdoor advertising as well as to regulate the size and configuration of posting surfaces, in an effort to address concerns and complaints raised by hoardings and the specter of "billboard blight."
Identification: Identification occurs when a respondent identifies an advertiser in a blanked ad during an awareness/recognition study.
Illuminated Bulletin: Posters or bulletins equipped with electric lighting, generally used in areas with high traffic volume day and night.
Impression: A term used to indicate the number of people who have an opportunity to see an ad in a given period of time.
Intensity: The size of a poster showing, or the extent to which an advertiser's message is displayed in a market. Intensity is usually represented in terms of an index number, such as #100, #50, and so on. See the entry for showing for further explanation.
Junior Panel: The posting structure measuring 6'x8', designed to accommodate Junior Posters.
Junior Poster: Junior posters are smaller versions of standard 24-sheet poster billboards that maintained the billboard's 1:2.25 height-width proportions but included only 1/4 the overall dimensions and surface area. They were commonly referred to as 6-sheet posters, although the standard officially adopted by the OAAA was technically a 6-1/2 sheet size. By the 1970s the term Junior Poster was interchangable with the term 8-sheet poster. They were originally conceived to reinforce and supplement standard-sized poster campaigns, but developed a niche in urban areas, around retail establishments, and in sites where zoning laws limited the use of larger posting structures.
Length of Approach: The measured distance from which a painted bulletin or poster is clearly visible.
Line of Travel: The centerline of an approach road.
Lithography: A technique for reproducing images in the mass production of posters. In lithography, the design is transferred onto stone or metal plates which are inked and printed onto paper.
Load Factor: In a traffic study, the average number of occupants in a vehicle.
Location List: A list of the locations of all poster panels sold and delivered.
Mandatory Copy: Ad copy that is required by law to appear on advertising of certain products. It includes warnings, labeling requirements, and disclaimers.
Market: A market is generally considered in terms of a local consumer area, typically a town or municipality. Traffic research has shown that typically 20 percent of a town's roads carry 80 percent of its traffic, within each market. Therefore, roughly equal sections of major traffic arteries are divided into poster zones, which determine the intensity of a poster display campaign, called a poster showing.
Minimum Showing: The smallest number of poster panels that an advertiser can purchase without paying a per-panel rate premium.
Mobile Panel: An advertising panel mounted on a trailer that can be transported to a given site. It is usually used for merchandising purposes or event advertising.
Molding: The frame made of wood, metal or plastic, which surrounds the face of an advertising structure. Also called trim.
M.O.V.I.: Metro Outdoor Visibility Index. A pre-testing technique that allows an advertiser to evaluate the effectiveness of an outdoor message design by simulating the environment in which the message will appear.
Net Advertising Circulation (NAC): The Daily Effective Circulation (DEC) of a showing, modified by the poster structures' Space Position Value (SPV). To arrive at the NAC of a showing, the average NAC of all illuminated panels in a poster plant is multiplied by the number of illuminated panels in a showing. The same procedure is followed for the un-illuminated panels in a showing, and the NAC is the sum of the two figures.
Off-Premise Sign: A sign that advertises a product or service away from the location where it is made or provided.
On-Premise Sign: A sign that advertises a product or service at the location where it is made, sold or provided.
Outdoor Advertising: Refers to all advertising encountered out-of-doors. The OAAA currently recognizes four broad categories of outdoor advertising: billboards, street furniture, and transit advertising as well as alternative media, which includes advertising sites such as stadiums, airborne advertising, and gas pumps.
Outdoor Travel: The number and percentage of people who go outdoors in a given day.
Out of Home: A catch-all phrase that refers to all forms of advertising that reach consumers primarily outside his or her home.
Painted Bulletin: Bulletins differ from posters in a number of ways. Bulletin structures tend to be larger than poster boards; the standard bulletin structure measures 14' x 48', or twice the width of a standard poster panel. Also, bulletins generally occupy the most desirable locations along major roadways. While poster panels or sheets are typically mechanically reproduced by lithograph or other means, painted bulletins are painted, frequently by hand, and each bulletin tends to be in some way unique. Painted bulletins share a common history with the arts of sign-painting, lettering and calligraphy. The term painted bulletin also refers to notices and advertisements painted on walls and roofs, as well as signs and notices painted on barns along rural roadways. Painted bulletins frequently feature special cutouts that alter the appearance of the structure. They tend to be more expensive than posters, due not only to the desirability of their locations but also to the labor required in their execution and maintenance. Painted bulletins are generally leased for showings that last a year.
Porta-Panel: Full-sized poster panels erected for indoor events.
Plant Capacity: The total number of #100 showings (see the explanation under Showing) that are available in a poster plant.
Plant Operator: A company or individual who operates or maintains outdoor advertising structures.
Poster Panel: A structure used to display either 24- or 30-sheet posters. It measures 12' high by 24' wide. Also called a billboard.
Poster Plant: A poster plant consists of all the bulletin structures in a single urban area controlled by a single advertising company. The establishment of poster plant standardized operations, construction, maintenance and quality control has been an integral part of the OAAA's activities since its inception. The ultimate goal is for all poster plants to deliver the same quality of service to advertisers, limiting the difference only to the quality of the location of a plant's advertising structures.
Posting Date: The date on which the posters of a showing are scheduled for display.
Pounce Pattern: A poster pattern is projected onto large sheets of paper and traced in outline form. The outline is then perforated with a needle, and the perforated designs are known as a pounce pattern. Dust is blown through the perforations, which creates a pattern on the posting face, ready for painting. Prior to computerized graphic design techniques, it was a common practice for transferring and enlarging copy art.
Premiere Panel: A standard display, measuring 12'3" x 24'6" overall. Typically, premiere panels are single sheet vinyl panels stretched over a 30-sheet poster panel structure.
Rain Lap: The practice of lapping poster panel sections, so that the upper sections overlap the lower sections, similar to shingles. Rain lap panels reduce flagging and rain seepage.
Rates: Beginning in 1901 Associated Bill Posters inaugurated the practice of publishing the rates of its member agencies in an effort to promote a standard of service across the outdoor advertising profession. The rates were listed in terms of the cost per sheet, a number which had to be multiplied by the number of sheets required for each poster, and by the number of postings in a showing. Thus, a listed rate of 12 cents (.12) meant that for example in Minneapolis, where a properly representative showing required 80 24-sheet or 150 8-sheet posters, the typical cost (in 1900) of a showing would be $144.00 for an 8-sheet display (150 x 8 x .12), or $230.40 for a 24-sheet display (80 x 24 x .12).
Reach: The approximate percentage of a target audience population that will be potentially exposed to an advertising message at least once during a showing period.
Readership-Remembrance: The number and percentage of people who remember having seen a given poster.
Riding a Showing: A physical field inspection of the panels used in a showing.
Roadside Signs: A collective term for all signage found along roadsides. Roadside signage falls into 2 basic categories: commercial (both on-premise and off-premise) and governmental (right-of-way signage, including traffic markers, warning signs, and historic markers).
Rotary Bulletin: A standard 14' x 48' bulletin structure that can be moved (rotated) to different locations at fixed intervals.
Setback: The distance from the line of travel to the center of an advertising structure.
Showing: A package of poster displays. A showing generally lasts for 30 days, and is categorized numerically in terms of intensity, and generally noted as either #50 or #100 showings. A #50 showing includes one poster display for every poster zone (a section of a local market), a #100 showing includes 2 posters, and so on. The numerical index ensures that each poster campaign will receive an adequate distribution, and each advertiser will receive equal treatment by the posting firm. Traditionally, showings were referred to in terms of a full- (#100), half- (#50), or quarter- (#25) showing, but by the 1920s, the terms had changed to: intensive, representative, and minimum.
S.M.S.A.: Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. An economically integrated area consisting of a central city and its contiguous counties.
Snipe: An adhesive strip used to change a portion of the copy of a bulletin. Also called overlay.
Space Position Value (SPV): The index of visibility of a poster panel. SPV is based on four factors: length of approach, speed of travel, angle of the panel to approach, and the relationship of the panel to adjacent panels.
Spotted Map: A map showing the locations of the panels used in a given poster showing.
Stock Posters: Standardized poster designs that may be purchased by an advertiser and customized by adding the specific business's name.
Street Furniture: Advertising displays that also function as public amenities, such as bus shelters, benches, trash receptacles, newsstands, kiosks, and in-store signage.
Traffic: The volume of vehicles and pedestrians passing by a particular point during a specified time interval. See also Circulation.
Traffic Count: An audit of the number of vehicles passing a given point, called a counting station, in order to determine the daily effective circulation of a location.
Transit Advertising: Advertising messages intended to reach users of non-personal transportation. Transit advertising includes taxi-cab tops, bus sides and interior panels, subway cars, and airport and railway posters.
Transit Shelter: A curbside structure located at bus and trolley stops. Transit shelters provide standardized advertising spaces measuring 69x48" with a bleed area of 67x46".
Tri-Vision™: An advertising structure made of slatted faces that can revolve at regular intervals, displaying three different messages in rotation.
Unit: A single poster panel or painted bulletin.
Glossary of Key Acronyms Used in the Records of the Outdoor Advertising Association of America
OAAA: Outdoor Advertising Association of America
AAA: American Automobile Association (consumer interest and advocacy group)
AAAA: American Association of Advertising Agencies (industry organization)
ABC: Audit Bureau of Circulations (print media research company)
AMMO: Audiences Market by Market for Outdoor (IOA computer program for market research)
AMRB: Axiom Market Research Bureau, Inc. (research company)
ANA: Association of National Advertisers (industry organization)
ANSI: American National Standards Institute (engineering industry organization)
ARF: Advertising Research Foundation (research company)
ASA: American Standards Association (engineering industry organization)
BBDO: Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborne (advertising agency)
BOCA: Building Officials Conference of America (professional organization)
BPAA: British Poster Advertising Association (industry organization)
BPR: Bureau of Public Roads (U.S. government agency)
BTA: British Transport Advertising Ltd. (transit advertising company)
CIE: Coras Iompair Eirann Outdoor Advertising (Irish company)
COMB: Canadian Outdoor Measurement Bureau (research company)
DMB&B: D'Arcy Masius Benton and Bowles (advertising agency)
DOT: Department of Transportation (U.S. government agency)
F & K: Foster and Kleiser (outdoor advertising company)
FHWA: Federal Highway Act (U.S. legislation)
GFWC: General Federation of Women's Clubs (interest group)
GOA: General Outdoor Advertising Company
HBA: Highway Beautification Act (U.S. legislation)
HUD: Department of Housing and Urban Development (U.S. government agency)
IAA: International Advertising Association (industry organization)
ICBO: International Conference of Building Officials (professional organization)
IOA: Institute of Outdoor Advertising (marketing arm of OAAA)
IPA: Institute of Practitioners of Advertising (professional organization)
LTA: London Transport Advertising (British advertising company)
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S. government agency)
ND: Notre Dame University (South Bend, Ind.)
NESA: National Electric Sign Association (engineering industry organization)
NOAB: National Outdoor Advertising Bureau (industry organization cooperatively owned by ad agencies. Its primary function was to service outdoor advertising campaigns through on-the-spot evaluations and site inspections.)
OAI: Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (marketing arm of OAAA)
OARI: Outdoor Advertising Research Institute (research company)
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S. government agency)
PAA: Poster Advertising Association (industry organization)
PAAC: Poster Advertising Association of Canada (industry organization)
PACE: Poster Advertising Circulation Evaluation (research company)
POAA: Painted Outdoor Advertising Association (industry organization)
SICMEA: Societe Industrielle du Constructions Metalliques En Acier (French billboard construction and posting company)
SMRB: Simmons Market Research Bureau (research company)
TAB: Traffic Audit Bureau (research company; a non-profit organization dedicated to producing authenticated circulation values for outdoor advertising markets)
USO: United Service Organizations (U.S. public service agency)
Descriptive Summary
- Title
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) Archives, 1885-1990s
- Creator
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America
- Extent
- 227 Linear Feet, 172,250 Items
- Repository
- David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library
- Location
- For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.
- Language
- English.
Series Quick Links
- ADMINISTRATION-OFFICERS SERIES, 1935-1988 (bulk 1951-1974)
- AUDIENCE / READERSHIP SERIES, 1957-1976 (bulk 1957-1965)
- BUDGET / FINANCE SERIES, 1925-1987
- CAMPAIGN CASE STUDIES SERIES, 1925-1986 (bulk 1950-1965)
- CONSTITUTION / BY-LAWS SERIES, 1891-1966
- HISTORY SERIES, 1891-1980
- INTERNATIONAL SERIES, 1960-1989 (bulk 1970-1985)
- ISSUES AND ACTIVITIES SERIES, 1920-1986 (bulk 1938-1968)
- LOCAL MARKETS SERIES, 1929-1989 (bulk 1967-1989)
- MEETINGS SERIES, 1903-1991
- MEMBERSHIP SERIES, 1910-1987
- NOTRE DAME SERIES, 1941-1980
- ORGANIZATION -COMMITTEES SERIES, 1925-1984
- ORGANIZATION -DEPARTMENTS & DIVISIONS SERIES, 1930-1976
- OUTDOOR ADVERTISING COMPANIES SERIES, 1899-1987
- PHOTOGRAPHS AND NEGATIVES SERIES, 1920s-1980s
- PHYSICAL STRUCTURE SERIES, 1920-1987
- PUBLICATIONS SERIES, 1920-1992
- REGULATION SERIES, 1909-1981 (bulk 1956-1973)
- RESEARCH SERIES, 1924-1980 (bulk 1950-1970)
- STATE ASSOCIATIONS SERIES, 1899-1981 (bulk 1930-1955)
- TRADE ORGANIZATIONS SERIES, 1917-1987
- TRAFFIC AUDIT BUREAU (TAB) SERIES, 1931-1989 (bulk 1951-1979)
- VIDEO, FILM AND AUDIO RECORDINGS, 1956-2002 and undated
- OVERSIZE MATERIALS SERIES, 1885-1979
Administrative Information
Collections are on the move for the renovation of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library. Contact Rubenstein Library staff before visiting. Read More »
Access Restrictions
The Video, Film, and Audio Recordings Series is closed.
Patrons must sign the Acknowledgment of Legal Responsibility and Privacy Rights form before using this collection.
In addition, all or portions of this collection may be housed off-site in Duke University's Library Service Center. Consequently, there may be a 24-hour delay in obtaining these materials.
Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library to use this collection.
Use Restrictions
The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University. For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
Contents of the Collection
The series includes biographical files on key OAAA officials; the personal files of several OAAA executives; as well as extensive files that have been identified as belonging to Frank Cawl, Karl Ghaster, and Walter Holan. These latter files contain personal correspondence, notes from committee meetings and planning sessions, as well as texts for speeches and presentations; they are of special interest to researchers interested in the wide range of activities undertaken by OAAA executives in the course of daily operations, and they provide a glimpse into the corporate culture of the OAAA at different times.
Biographies are first, followed by materials arranged alphabetically by officer name or category. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some physically large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box AD20]
[See also Box AD20]
[correspondence; manufacturer flyer; 1964 Media Study by Louis Cheskin Associates]
[Correspondence; slide script; article reprint]
[Correspondence interspersed with other documents, including a list of Books on Outdoor Advertising, 1927-1932; lists of articles on Outdoor Advertising, 1927-1932; correspondence Re: proposed new statistical service, 1958; operating markets and poster companies; statistical records, etc., 1958; Magazine Digest- contains article by Sidney Katz- Hilda Fox's Battle of the Billboards, 1947; booklet- Outdoor Advertising: A Channel of Communications; Description of Industry, 1948; Reader's Digest- article by Thomas C. Desmond- The Coming Billboard Battle, 1946; by American Mercury- A Lobby that is a Blot on the Landscape, 1947; Cooperative Program for Voluntary Roadside Improvement by OAAA, 1949; Organized Outdoor Advertising: It Genesis, Development, and Place in American Life by Ralph Patch, 1935]
[regulations, procedures, etc.]
[ Fred G. Hussey; Billboard Bonus Act]
[of Ogilvy, Benson & Mather, Inc.; quotes from speeches of 64th annual convention; references to his book- Confessions of an Advertising Man; Today Show]
[correspondence; journal reprints; specifications of the 24-sheet poster; Loewy panel drawings; Outdoor Advertising News- Mar. issue]
[correspondence; interim report]
[reports; ground rules; clippings]
[ Phillip Tocker file- correspondence; Survival program; sign code; slides (created pocket)]
[includes Outdoor Advertising Structures- Engineering Design Manual; NESA Recommended Sign Ordinance; Model Sign Ordinance for Municipalities; Uniform Sign codes, 1958 ed.; Signs and Outdoor Display Structures, 1949]
[KLG-Rockford, Ill., OAAA (speech by Karl Ghaster)]
[correspondence; Outdoor Poster Panel and Bulletin Advertising: An Economic Report prepared by OAAA, 1957]
[appointment to Washington Committee, Cotton Amendment; C.B. Burkhart trip to DC]
[See also Box AD20]
[Photocopies in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box AD20]
[See also Box AD20]
[See also Box AD20]
[See also Box AD20]
[List of all Chairmen of the Board; correspondence to obtain photos; photos and photo negative (some photos are not labeled)]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[(Award for outstanding leadership) Fred Beseler, 1959; Henry Johnston, 1952; Harry Fitzgerald, 1955]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box AD20]
[(File hand labeled Simon - might be the name of secretary- appears to be the file of D.W. Vanderwater) credentials; letters of acceptance]
[Internal operations; meeting minutes; personnel insurance; recommended practices]
[Association Building Alterations and Improvements (keys; insurance furniture; fire marshal inspection; Otis elevator assessment; conversion to AC; assessing members to finance conversion to permanent home office; digest of French Lick Meeting, 1947]
[Trade practices; standards; censorship; dues of 2 members operating same market; chart of chartered association; Review and Plan Committee; new applications for active membership and statistical data form]
[See also Box AD1]
[See also Boxes AD12-AD13]
[See also Box AD13]
[See also Boxes AD13-AD17 ]
[See also Box AD19]
The series highlights one of the key areas of concern to the outdoor advertising industry, that of ensuring that their efforts to advertise actually reached potential consumers. Included here are numerous studies on a wide range of products and campaigns, for such varied products as Kellogg's, Ford, Morton Salt, and Swift meats. These studies focused on audience reception of outdoor advertising campaigns, testing variables such as reach and frequency, copy identification, recall and remembrance of advertising messages. While most of these studies used actual campaigns, some test campaigns were developed specifically for research use, like Calvin Coolidge (Hooper), Woodrow Wilson (Turner Advertising) and the fictional Testa automobile (OAI). In addition to the studies and research reports, the series also includes reports on market segmentation (like the youth market) and analyses of research methodologies. These materials are important to the understanding of how the outdoor industry perceived the marketplace during a period of rapid change within American consumer culture.
Arranged alphabetically by topic and report title.
[Starch Continuing Study Report]
[Daniel Starch Survey]
[Daniel Starch Survey]
[Scope, Method, and Technique of Program]
[Urban and Non-Urban Areas: Indianapolis, Rushville, Rush County, Ind.]
[ Scope, Method, and Technique of the Starch Business Publication Studies ]
[Report - Remembrance and Product Identification and Beer Brand Preference; Poster Appraisal Service]
[Chevron: Akron: Poster Appraisal Division, Unduplicated Readership & Identification Report]
[Poster Appraisal Division, Houston]
[Daniel Starch Continuing Study Report, published 1962]
The series includes accounting records, budget manuals and financial reports, along with studies of the practice of accounting itself within the outdoor advertising industry. While the series does feature a wide range of materials relating to accounting, the account records themselves are not continuous over long periods of time. As such, the materials collected here are of research interest perhaps more for the types of accounting records maintained at various times than for the actual accounting data retained.
Arranged alphabetically. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[Letter from Budd Buszek to Fairleigh Dickenson University-1976, accounting records-1964-1965, traffic audit members 1967.]
[See also Box BF3]
[News clippings; letter to Rev. Patrick Peyton – only p.3; 1948-1956 report-- Straight Line versus Diminishing Balance Depreciation, Notre Dame]
[Ramsay-Rankin Spec Fund; Texas Storm Relief]
[Marshall-Stevens was retained to assist in gathering and analysis of current construction costs of Standardized advertising structures; advertising sign cost valuation; methods; questionnaire list; report on valuation; Dept. of Transportation; correspondence.]
[See also Box BF3]
[Defendant's exhibits 1912; Accountants' audit 1910; District Court papers--markedWalls - National Poster Service bankruptcy 1914; prize contest rules.]
[See also Box BF3]
[See also Box BF3]
[See also Box BF3]
[Outdoor Advertising--Services and Rates (resolution re: war-time allotments, re: cancellation period; service rules; plant inventory form)]
[See also Box BF3]
[See also Box BF3]
[State Laws--License Fees and Taxes (handwritten note) – Dick Buddy (photos; Md.; Calif.; Ala.; Me.; N.C.; Vt.; Miss.; Mont.; Conn.; N.J.; digest of state laws)]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box BF1]
[See also Box BF1]
[ Kerlin System of Accounting. For Poster Plants by C.C. Kerlin]
[See also Box BF2]
[Defendant's exhibits 1912; Accountants' audit 1910; District Court papers--marked Walls, National Poster Service bankruptcy 1914; prize contest rules.]
[See also Box BF2]
[Outdoor Advertising--Services and Rates (resolution re: war-time allotments, re: cancellation period; service rules; plant inventory form)]
This series contains case study reports on virtually every type of consumer product. Most studies are brief capsule reports of various campaigns, in the form of either journal article profiles or of trade publication broadsides, like the OAAA's Copy Ideas series. There are, however, a few extensive campaign studies contained here, such as the Clark candy bar study, a huge marketing research study undertaken in the early 1980s.
Arranged alphabetically by product type. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box CS15]
[See also Box CS15]
[ How Outdoor Advertising Moves the Auto Dealer's Market to Buy ]
[See also Box CS15]
[Article clipping from National Photographer, billboards for photographers, photo projector aids billboard artist]
[See also Box CS15]
[Promotional letter; Rockwell, Norman poster-removed to oversize folder]
[See also Box CS15]
[Purpose, market overview, advertising program, tracking study, exhibit A- St. Louis, exhibit B- Detroit and Houston, exhibit C-5 markets, summary and conclusions]
[See also Box CS15]
[Outdoor advertising versus other media]
[Verbatim Record of Soup Survey- Los Angeles, Houston, Cincinnati, New Haven: Poster Appraisal Service]
[See also Box CS15]
[By Haug Associates for Cold Power #1, spiral binder]
[Booklet- Everyone knows White King ]
[News clippings; photos; flyer- The Why and How of Outdoor Advertising for Political Candidates ; statement of Honorable John Kervick, executive Director of New Jersey State Democratic Committee]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[(From files of Frank Blake) (contains only p. 2 of letter to Rev. Patrick Peyton, 1948)]
[See also Box CS15]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box CS15]
[Envelope-hand-labeled Miss Simon (secretary): Extra Restaurant Prints: File in Rest. Cl. File) (photographs of restaurant billboards-various sizes, some labeled, ca. 1959-1955 Photographs)]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[(Handwritten-one copy each series) (no. 1-Auto; no. 2-Golden Anniversary; no. 3-Better Living-appliance field; no. 4-Better living-audio-visual field; no. 5-Better Living-Christmas; no. 6-Better Living-Transportation; no. 7-Better Living-Food; no. 8-Miracles Unlimited; no. 9-Top Billing) (also no. 10-Christmas; gems of the month for March of Dimes; [12] month(s) with the Jordons)]
[See also Box CS1]
[See also Box CS1]
[See also Boxes CS2-CS4]
[See also Box CS4]
[See also Boxes CS4-CS5]
[See also Box CS5]
[ROAD database no. BBB6620]
[See also Box CS8]
[ROAD database no. BBB6610]
[See also Box CS11]
[See also Boxes CS12-CS13]
[ROAD database no. AAA7725]
The series includes the constitutions, bylaws, resolutions and other materials related to the basic organization and function of the various trade organizations in the outdoor industry. Read consecutively, the constitutions provide insights into the original vision of an outdoor advertising trade association, the concerns of the founders, and the ways that the association by-laws have both changed and remained the same over the past 100 years of organized outdoor advertising.
Arranged alphabetically by trade association. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[See also Box CB3]
[Constitution and Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws]
[Outdoor Advertising Handbook (original copy)]
[To OAAA Members Transmitting New Constitution & By-laws & Treasurer's Report: 1947 Dec. 18: Stewart]
[See also Box CB3]
[Unlabeled. Current and background materials include: Constitution changes, 1947; Spirituous liquor posting, 1913; list of resolutions, 1929-1930; resolutions, 1933-1937; report of the committee on reorganization plans, 1946; government antitrust suit, 1949-1950]
[By-laws; power of the Chairmen's Advisory Committee]
[Amended 1931; editing marks for revision; correspondence]
[See also Box CB1]
[See also Box CB1-CB2]
The series collects materials relating to the historical development of outdoor advertising, as well as the treatment of outdoor advertising as history, through its incorporation into various archives. Much of the material collected here was identified as being of historical interest by OAAA officials over time, including speeches, articles, clippings, photos and publications of the predecessors to the OAAA (such as the Associated Bill Posters and Distributors, and the Poster Advertising Association). Other items that trace the roots of organized outdoor advertising, providing it with a sense of history and historical importance, are also included.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
Arranged alphabetically by topic. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[Smithsonian Museum of American History, brochures; Modern Advertising History Program]
[See also Box HI4]
[See also Box HI4]
[Proceedings; No. I: Poster Advertising Department of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World: 1922 June 13, [Art Institute] Milwaukee, Wisc.
No. II: Poster Advertising Department of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World, 1923 June 5, [Hotel Chalfonte] Atlantic City, N.J.
No. III: Outdoor Advertising Meeting Held Under Auspices of General Outdoor Advertising Company at the YMCA in Jersey City, N.J., 1925 Nov. 11]
[Report of Research Committee on Advertising]
[Includes information submitted to Dunn and Bradstreet; information on 1891 meeting to form an outdoor association by F.A. Fitzgerald; quotations from The Billposter, 1896-1897]
[Under the Following Titles: (1) National Selling (2) Policy (3) Comparative Sales costs of Special Representation (4) Organization and Work (5) Copy and Art Work (6) Merchandising of Campaigns (7) National Advertisers Using the Medium (8) What Outdoor Advertising, Incorporated Has Achieved]
[Includes booklet Posters: Facts about Poster Advertising and the City Beautiful, 1922]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Miscellaneous Photos: Maryland State Police radar speed zone, signs painted on building sides]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box HI4]
[ Geneva Ad Mockup, undated]
[Unlabeled (undefined lists): OAINDEX (possible competition winners); OAAAHIS (outline history of OAAA 1800s-1986); FOS&KL ( Foster & Kleiser history 1871-1921); OAAACOMP (list of industries with book number I or II); ORR ( Garrett Orr Outdoor Advertising Designs); ELLER (Eller Outdoor Advertising List of Color Negatives 1970s - with book number); COMPHIST (Advertising Companies history from 1902-1986); ADCOUNCI ( Ad Council - public service recipients); OAAAOFF (Officers of Outdoor Advertising Association and merged groups 1891-1980); OAAADV (Advertisers - Largest National Accounts with amount - for years 1954-1985)]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box HI1]
[Copy of an address by S.N. Holliday in New York to women's clubs]
Information about K.H. Fulton and Barney Link
[See also Box HI1]
[Includes: article in The Dairyland Farmer regarding How Ringlings Got Started 1946 Feb. 25; Information regarding The Organization in the Outdoor Medium-Industry by H.E. Fisk, undated; History of the Development of Outdoor Advertising, 1934 Jan. 7]
[Article A Few Facts on Outdoor Advertising by Thomas Cusack Company, 1920s; Article, The Fallacies of Formula Legislation in The American Painter and Decorator, 1926]
[See also Boxes HI2-HI3]
[Includes Hall of Fame Citation, 1961]
[NOTE: Original is fragile and closed to researchers. Please refer to the Use Copy in Box HI6]
The series contains files on a wide range of outdoor advertising companies, associations and expositions around the world. Most of the material is dated in the 1970s and 1980s, and serves to provide more of a sense of the global reach of outdoor advertising than an in-depth understanding. Canada and England are the most heavily represented countries in this series, but there are also limited materials on the outdoor industry elsewhere in the world.
Arranged alphabetically by country. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[ Outdoor Advertising Association of Australia; Australia-wide surveys; flyer, Posters into the 1980s ; review of surveys by David T. Bottomley at E.SOA conference; spiral binder, Public Attitudes to Outdoor Advertising ; spiral binder, An Australia Public Attitude Survey ]
[Traffic Origin Study and Outdoor Advertising Study]
[The Toronto Market: A Study of Traffic and Outdoor Advertising Coverage]
[Trans Ad Ltd. Communications Plan for Canadian Market; presentation to J. Walter Thompson by C. Henri, for Brooke Bond Foods Ltd.]
[Minutes of the 56th Annual Meeting, 1959; Address to Canadian Poster Association, 1961]
[Market Data Reports, 1986-1988; Average Daily Outdoor Circulation, 1979]
[A Study of Poster Coverage in London, Ontario]
[ The Guelph (Canada) Outdoor Market: A Study of Traffic and Outdoor Advertising Coverage ]
[Report, Outdoor Markets in Southern Ontario: A Study of Traffic and Outdoor Advertising Coverage ]
[See also Box IN5]
[See also Box IN5]
[See also the entry for Great Britain]
[ Street Furniture, A Design Council Catalogue of London and Provincial Posters, undated]
[Unbound booklets include: Poster Research into Creative Elements ; Outdoor Advertising Site Numbering ; This Could Hit You!-Control of Outdoor Advertising in Areas of Special Control ]
[Includes Poster Scene, 1989, and the 1989 award winner for outdoor advertising]
[Biederman, Charles, Arts Council of Great Britain booklet, 1969; Outdoor and Transport Advertising, 1980]
[British Posters: 4 Week Audience Study]
[Poster Audience Surveys]
[Report, Imperial Oil in the London Market: A Study of Traffic and Station Sales]
[See also Box IN5]
[See also England]
[(European Survey; unbound and 1979- 1980 bound Publex material (Holland); Classification Survey, poster with musical echo; confidential report, Outdoor Posting in Holland and Publex position ; confidential report, Value of Posters in Holland (about half in Dutch)]
[See Holland]
[See also Box IN2]
[See also Boxes IN2-IN3]
[See also Box IN3]
The series covers a range of activities that involved the OAAA and the outdoor industry. The main topics include building maintenance, press, public service, sales and World War II-era wartime activities. Significant files include those concerning the energy crisis of the 1970s, showing how the U.S. government mandates to reduce energy consumption impacted the outdoor industry in a variety of ways, from restrictions on illuminated signage to gasoline rationing and speed limit reductions. Other important sections in this series include files on association reorganization plans, the relationship between the outdoor industry and public service associations, outdoor sales promotion, and support of World War II.
Arranged alphabetically by topic. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box IA17]
[Donation record with related correspondence; Art donations, etc.]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Definitive outline of organization and responsibility with assigned office space 1950; Blueprints 1947]
[See also Box IA17]
[(Office Records 1970s Files of Frank Cawl; Energy Crisis File, 1975: Bills, Correspondence; Planned illumination schedule; conference report; Article- William Simon's 'House of Cards' at FEO (Federal Energy Office); booklet, Citizen Action Guide to Energy Conservation ; flyer, Electric Signs and the Energy Supply ; House Bill HR 11450, Energy Conservation Rationing; confidential memo to members on recommendation for temporary 25% reduction of energy consumption; President Nixon's proposal to eliminate lighting in Times Square; charts of kilowatt hours)]
[Proposed energy conservation contingency plan; emergency restrictions on illuminated advertising and certain gas lighting; Frank Cawl's files]
[ Keep off the Gas Campaign; transcript of Corporate Energy Conservation Panel-Annual Washington Conference of the Advertising Council; location list in Baltimore metropolitan market; article reprints; (Alabama) Governor's Traffic Safety Conference-photo; traffic safety newsletter; bumper stickers; Frank Cawl's files?]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[House of Representatives report-Emergency Energy Conservation Act of 1979; written testimony by OAAA to Subcommittee on Energy Regulation; statement of John F. O'Leary, -deputy secretary of US Department of Energy; new reprints; stand-by energy conservation plan of 1978; Emergency restrictions on illuminated advertising and certain gas lighting; energy crisis facts; Public Law 96-102-Standby Motor fuel Rationing; Congressional Record; memoranda; correspondence]
[ Save America-Save 25% : U.S. Chamber of Commerce conservation campaign; news clippings; speed limit; Congressional Record-fuel allocation; year-round daylight savings time; voluntary and temporary reduction of energy consumption; energy crisis: position of unions; DOT News; carpooling; Senate Bill S. 2176; Remarks of the President [Nixon] upon announcing creation of the Federal Energy Office; Frank Cawl's files?]
[See also Box IA17]
[Proposed revised constitution and bylaws of OAAA; correspondence]
[Correspondence; constitution with proposed amendments; street map of New York City; list of lease space and price; meeting minutes; organizational and text description of each organization; plan of merger; proposed revision of constitution; minutes; questions; copies of journal advertisement for OAAA; target accounts; dues structure; plans building of government-or notices; meeting minutes]
[Chart of Organization and Responsibilities]
[See also Box IA18]
[News and copies regarding War on Ugliness and Highway Beautification ; news clipping on billboard control; Lady Bird Johnson; Lyndon B. Johnson; Jack Valenti, White House aide; Administrative Beautification Bill; billboard bonus; scrapbook of articles: Washington Post, Washington Star, Washington Daily News, Wall Street Journal, Chicago, Miscellaneous News Papers]
[This copy presented to Odell Hathaway]
[See also Box IA19]
[Reprints, 1948, 1951; Correspondence, 1948-1950]
[See also Box IA19]
[Pamphlet and citation from American Red Cross]
[Booklet- In the Public Interest; booklet- In the Spirit of Service; reports; correspondence]
[Organization and history of OAAA; public service campaigns; endorsement of American Heart Association; American Cancer Society; Association of Statistical Records; National Institute for Mental Health Inc.; Association of National Advertisers]
[ Billboard Believers Public Service List; evaluation forms from survey 1989-1991]
[See also Box IA19]
[(Note on outside of original folder-To Mr. Blake's knowledge this committee is no longer in existence 1952 Mar. 10); Consumer Movement, Roadside Protection, Public Survey, Business Sponsored Educational Films]
[See also Box IA19]
[Correspondence; news clippings; articles; photo; letters of appreciation; awards]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Clipping, Outdoor Reacts Mildly to New Law on Controls and Beautification ; Social Welfare Campaign; correspondence]
[O'Mealia Outdoor Advertising]
[See also Box IA20]
[Idea Bank]
[See also Box IA20]
[Standard Set Showings of Equal Advertising Value, 1930; Reprints: ASA-Model Sign Ordinance, 1952; Reprints: Wisconsin Operations Clinic, 1952; The System That Charts Itself, 1954 April: Walker & Company; Leases-The Foundation of OA, 1954; Talk by Frank Metzdorf - Successful Leasing Techniques, 1955; a skit in 3 scenes on leasing]
Media Comparison, 1984-1991
[Report, The Happy Medium: A Case Study on How to Select Media to Increase Sales ]
[Article reprint, Junior Panel Story ]
[Proceedings of the Local Sales Sessions of the Annual Meeting of the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc.: typed pages bound in hardback cover]
(Proceedings of OAAA National conference on Local Sales: typed pages bound in hardback cover)
[Proceedings of the National Sales Session of the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc.: typed pages bound in hardback cover]
[Arranged by state]
[Arranged by state]
[Arranged by state]
[Arranged by state]
[Arranged by state]
[Arranged by state]
[See also Box IA20]
( F.O.B. Keep Her Buying this Winter, an address delivered at the American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages Convention by Kerwin Fulton)
[Booklet, Certification of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Associated Bill Posters and Distributors Protective Company, 1903; Constitution of Associated Bill Posters & Distributors of the United States and Canada, with attached amendments, 1906; booklet, Outdoor Sales Tickler, 1940; booklet, Federal Litigations 1912-1952; booklet, Billboard Basics, ca. 1972]
[(Handwritten note, See also To Make a Long Story Short ) (long-story-short original painting, record of shipment; radio spot announcements)]
[ Keeping Pace with the Times and the Crowd with Outdoor Advertising, 1931; hand-labeled with messages Check against Follow the Crowd; Follow the Crowd, flip chart; A Few Facts on Outdoor Advertising, written in response to attack from women's clubs, undated; How Outdoor Advertising Works ; Personality of a Salesman -hand labeled; Manual of Information, undated; Manual and Procedure for Fieldmen, 1927]
[ Christmas posters; article reprint-Paint Industry; Coffee and Tea Industries magazine; Some Basic Facts ; Outdoor Advertising For Banking; 1950-1955 Papers, including sales presentation material for new plant members; application for plant name change; application for poster town membership; statistical data for change of ownership]
[ Speaking of Billboards; Miami, Tell Your Story ]
[ Messages for Millions: Mass Communication, Land of the Fabulous Boom , Foreman Jock, advertising post cards, Advertise the American Way ; El Paso, the year-round outdoor market, etc.; 1 small photograph]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Outdoor advertising for Building Supply Trade with pictures]
[See No Waste Words]
[See also Box IA20]
[Papers; minutes of Postwar Planning Board 1945 and 1947]
[ Raymond Loewy Associates Administrative Officers; Fisk, H.E.]
[See also Box IA20]
[Campaign of Information for the War Manpower Commission: Poster advertising sponsorship kit]
[Includes Census of Manufactures 1947 from the US Bureau of Census]
[See also Box IA20]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ Hodges, J.C. Files]
[ J.C. Hodges Files]
[See also Box IA1]
[Insurance; maintenance; mortgage; correspondence]
[Commerce-Chicago Voice of Business; Business Management; New Office Buildings Chicago 1964-1965; Julien J. Studley, Inc.-Realtor; office layout floor-plan; report on association building; appraisal of property]
[See also Box IA1]
[ Frank Cawl's Files?]
[Correspondence; brochure folder by ARCO Solar, Inc.; solar powered billboard; Solarex brochures and booklets; Solarex newsletters-Project Abstracts; biographical sketch of Marshall W. Dietrich-NASA; Department of Transportation booklet-Solar Electricity as a power source for cathode protection]
[Article reprints; press releases; folder-Ayatollah billboard campaign; correspondence; news clippings; first amendment; lists of poster locations; photographs]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box IA2]
[Charts; outlines; reports]
[Maps; correspondence; folder OAAA-Regions-Number 6 (Outline of organized sales promotional effort developed by the local sales promotion committee of the sixth)]
[See also Box IA3]
[ The Economic Value of Outdoor Advertising, ca. 1920s; Significant Figures on Cost of Outdoor Advertising per Unit of circulation in United States, 1928; Billboards are Defended as Public Art Galleries, 1922]
[Association News, 1924; News clippings- Case Against the Billboard, 1931; News clipping-Boston Herald Award for distinguished leadership by John Donnelly and Sons of Boston, 1938; Facts booklet with cover letter, 1939; Keep America Beautiful report, ca. 1956]
[(Files of Frank Blake) Billboard ban; forceful removal of billboards by New York Thruway Authority; pros and cons; AAA; booklet-Some Press Comment Favoring Outdoor Advertising]
[(Question of billboard legality, 1967, billboard compliance, 1965, etc; The Communicator newspaper, 1965; Pennsylvania Outdoor News, 1965; AAA; Highway Beautification Bill-HR 8701-Lady Bird's Bill; night tree cutters; zoning battle; Vietnam support; Lady Bird Johnson; President Lyndon Johnson) (possibly collected by Tocker)]
[See also Box IA4]
[Outdoor Primer for basics; Coca Cola; Hamm's Beer; 50th anniversary; Grain Belt Beer; electrical spectaculars; electric curtailment; history of billposting]
[See also Box IA4]
[See also Boxes IA5-IA6]
[Freedom train-photo; schedule; flyers; information for press and radio; Boys Town News; meeting with Attorney General of US; speech of Tom C. Clark, attorney general]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Boxes IA6-IA7]
[Silk-screened poster ideas- Smart Drinkers Let Sober Friends Drive and Real Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk, by Foster and Kleiser]
[(Files of Frank Blake) Father Patrick Peyton; summary; news clippings]
[Miniatures, Boy Scouts, Nativity]
[See also Box IA7]
[See also Box IA7]
[ Vern Clark's file?]
[See also Boxes IA12-IA13]
[Postcards; menus; advertiser; news letters]
[Copy ideas; 1 photo; folder of ideas]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Price list or forms and printed material; one has sample forms in envelope]
[See also Box IA13]
[See also Box IA14]
[See also Box IA14]
[Survey of Electrical Energy Consumption by member of OAAA 1943]
The series contains different types of outdoor advertising research studies that focus on specific areas, towns, regions, or communities, or demographic groups. The local focus was a distinctive feature of the outdoor industry, which until the late twentieth century was structured by an extensive network of relatively small firms that served a specific regional market. These studies are significant not only because they represent the local aspect of the outdoor industry's culture, but also because they connect research methodologies and specific advertising campaigns to real markets and sites.
Arranged alphabetically by state. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[Downtown Los Angeles (blueprint paper)]
[Continuing measurements of outdoor advertising performance]
[See also Box LM6]
[Possibly John Paver files of materials for writing a book; possibly also some materials of Odell Hathaway; 14 day study]
[Continuing measurements of outdoor advertising performance]
[See also Box LM6]
[See also Box LM4]
[See also Box LM5]
The series includes the minutes from national organizational and committee meetings, conference proceedings, reports and recommendations presented at national conventions, as well as a file of clippings and report summaries. Major categories are Annual Meetings, Directors' Meetings, Executive Committee Meetings, Officers' Meetings, and Reports. In addition to the OAAA, the International Congress of Outdoor Advertising and the meetings of the Institute of Outdoor Advertising are also represented in this series. The conference proceedings capture some of the culture and ongoing work of the outdoor advertising profession. Meeting minutes reflect personal experiences with individual case histories of products as well as the professional experiences and pressing concerns of the association membership.
Arranged alphabetically by category. Each category is further subdivided either chronologically or alphabetically. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs. Detailed information in the folder listings reflect text that was on original folders.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box MT19]
[Typed, list of reports with page numbers at front]
[36th Annual Convention Atlanta Biltmore Hotel, Atlanta, Ga., 1926 Oct. 18-23]
[36th Annual Convention; Atlanta, 1926 Oct.]
[Program, Opening Remarks for 50th Annual Convention; Opening Remarks by George Kleister
[1953-1963: Chicago, 1952; List of Members:
56th National Convention, 1953 Sept. 13-17, Hotel Shamrock, Houston Tex.;
57th National Convention, 1954 Nov. 7-11, Commodore Hotel, N.Y.C.;
58th National Convention, 1955 Dec. 4-7, Hotel Sherman, Chicago Ill.;
59th National Convention, 1956 Nov. 12-16, Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles, Cal.;
60th National Convention, 1957 Nov. 11-14, Jung Hotel, New Orleans, La.;
61st National Convention, 1959 June 7-11, Sherman Hotel, Chicago Ill;
International Congress of OA, List of Delegates, 1960 July 11;
63rd National Convention, 1961 Oct. 23, Diplomat Hotel]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ John Paver's Opening Remarks; Tentative Agenda Board of Director's Meeting; Presidential Introductory Remarks; Executive Business Session Agenda: Correspondence; Objectives; Preliminary Estimate for 1962 Operations; Financial Statements]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ Media to Markets; Marketing Concept Presentation; Reprogramming for Security, Volume, Profit ; Meeting the Challenge --speech by K.L. Ghaster]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box MT19]
[held at Breakers, Palm Beach, Fla., Tuesday and Wednesday, 1913 Mar. 11-12, Anson E. Meanor, Reporter]
[2 bound volumes; brittle bindings]
[Confidential Bulletin S-1-Public Relations; Publications re: public relations; Proposals from Directors re. Public Relations; Legislation; Industry Relations Report; Minutes of Executive Committee Meeting, 1930 Oct.; National Advisory Council Report, 1945 April; Summary, Board of Directors' Meeting, 1931 Jan.; Minutes, Board of Directors' Meeting, 1947 May; Officers' Meeting, 1936 Dec.; Summary of Officer's Meeting, 1936 Dec.]
[Correspondence 1950 regarding 1951 Defense Mobilization and including correspondence of call for postponement of 1950 meeting]
[Transcript of meeting]
[Papers: Board of Directors Outdoor Advertising Association of America, 1959 June 9, The Sherman Hotel--Assembly Room, Chicago, Illinois (sections--Chairman's Advisory Council, Review & Plan, Public Relations, Market Research, Finance, C & BL]
[part of 1962 envelope] [This envelope contains the following: Tentative Agenda--Board of Directors' Meeting of 1962 Mar. 29; Letter from Price Waterhouse & Company with: Balance Sheet--1961 Dec. 31; Statement of Income and Expenses and Fund Balance year ended 1961 Dec. 31; Financial statements, 1962 Feb. 28; Proposed Budget for 1962; Chairman's Advisory Committee, Minutes, 1962 Feb. 14; Expense Sheet for Board of Directors; Reprogramming for ... Security Volume Profit ]
[Proceeding: complete 1965 transcript-bound]
[ Frank Cawl File; agenda, correspondence]
[Frank Cawl File: includes photos of applicants--Thomas Shepard and Harrison Lewis; Environics Report draft]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Frank Cawl File, 4:30 Orleans Room – Fairmont--Roosevelt, Sunday, 1973 Nov. 4, New Orleans]
[ Frank Cawl File: Chicago, 1974 June 20, International O'Hare, Apollo-Gemini Room-Galaxy Ballroom]
[Frank Cawl File, Also includes budget-related material from 1975]
[ Frank Cawl File, Minutes, correspondence]
[Executive Committee Minutes of Meeting- 1971, 1970 Oct. -1971 Dec.]
[Executive Committee Minutes of Meeting- 1972, Jan.--Nov.]
[Executive Committee Minutes of Meeting- 1973, Feb.--Nov. includes confidential to members re: illumination reduction]
[Executive Committee Minutes of Meeting- 1974, Jan. -Nov.]
[Executive Committee Minutes of Meeting- 1975, Jan. -Nov.]
[Executive Committee Minutes of Meeting- 1976, Jan. -Nov.); (miscellaneous correspondence of committee and financial business)]
[Executive Committee Minutes of Meeting- 1977, Jan. -Dec.]
[Jan. -July]
[See also Box MT18]
Photo taken at 1959 British Poster Convention
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Agenda, articles on outdoor advertising, co-op questionnaire]
[See also Box MT18]
[Part of Frank Cawl, black folder] (includes: meeting notes; regional maps; delinquent dues; lists of plants; list of national directors; directory of advertising companies)
[Part of Frank Cawl black folder]
[Part of Frank Cawl, black folder]
[Part of Frank Cawl black folder]
[Part of Frank Cawl black folder]
[Part of Frank Cawl black folder]
[Part of Frank Cawl black folder]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Part of Frank Cawl, black folder]
[Part of Frank Cawl black folder]
[See also Box MT18]
[Also includes Minutes of Joint Meeting of National Officers and Executive Committee of the Government Regulations Committee 1942 Sept.]
[Includes minutes, reprints and correspondence regarding theses meetings]
[Confidential report of 2-man committee on the J.J. Hartigan proposal to establish a governing body to establish policies and procedures for operation... to function in the overall public interest as a competitive private enterprise.]
[Booklet--Official Program, 48th Annual Convention, New York, N.Y., 1952; booklet--Official Program, 50th Annual Convention, Boston, 1954]
[First session of 4 meetings; parts of pages missing]
[Ways and Means 1938; Finance and Budget, 1932; Membership and Statistical Division, 1932; Officer's Reports, 1932; Unemployment Relief, 1932; Business Development Division, 1932; Executive, 1927; Minutes of Meeting of Executive and Membership Committees, 1928; John Paver Correspondence, 1932]
[Marked part of Folder 1]
[Constructive and Promotional Work Performed by the Secretary during the month of Nov. in 1924. Compiled for the Information of the President and Directors.]
[OAAA Report of Activities, 1937 Oct. 1 - 1939 May 31 (incomplete) Contains: Report of National Officer, 1937-39; Report of National Officers and Chairmen of Committees, 1939-41; Reports of National Association Officers, 1948-49; Report of Activities, 1954-55]
[Marked part of Folder 1]
[Marked part of Folder 1]
[Including Officer (Feb.); Public Relations Committee (Mar.); Officers (April); Chairman's Advisory Council, including supporting documentation (April); Officers (June); Chairman's Advisory Council (June); Officers (July); Officers (Sept.)]
[Marked part of Folder 1]
[Marked part of Folder 1]
[Program, Joint Louisiana & Mississippi convention]
[See also Box MT1]
[Hollywood Cal. 64th National Convention of OA, 1963 Nov. 17-20, Sheraton Cadillac Hotel, Detroit, Mich.; correspondence, registration]
[Photo included. An Outdoor Tour Across the Country and the Theme Song of Outdoor Advertising Convention 1930]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box MT6]
[See also Box MT14]
[See also Box MT16]
[See also Box MT16]
The series includes application forms, files and correspondence on dues, memoranda to members, and membership records. The membership files are incomplete; however, it is possible in some cases to trace some aspects of an advertising company's history through the membership records, as these list not only the key officers of the company, but also changes in ownership and the sizes of the market covered by the company.
Arranged alphabetically by topic. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box MM15]
[Membership requirements; correspondence; record of membership; applications for membership]
[See also Box MM15]
[ KLG File ]
[Correspondence; charts, graphs, list of members who operate towns of less than 5,000 population exclusively; booklet -Poster Advertising Coverage]
[Resolution; bylaws concerning dues; booklet -Organization, Authorities and responsibilities; folder of by-laws excerpts (old) relating to payment of annual dues (superseded)]
[ Correspondence - membership dues, summary minutes of special joint-meeting of OAAA officers, The Washington committee and CAC 1964, plant membership list 1968]
[See also Box MM15]
[Official membership list of the Poster Advertising Association, covering over 5,000 cities and towns in which service is guaranteed, handwritten notations throughout]
[ Alabama- Montana]
[ Nebraska- Wyoming]
[(Annual meeting in Wichita, Kansas; official action of AASHO ( American Association of State Highway Officials); upcoming Congressional action; FHWA; state Highway Beautification Acts; proposed criteria for unzoned commercial and industrial area; criteria for size, lighting and spacing of signs; statements of Phillip Tocker to House subcommittee on Public Roads; etc.)]
[(Agreement between state of N.Y. and federal; Va. agreement; federal control of outdoor advertising; Highway Beautification Act of 1965 proposed amendments; report on Senate Roads Subcommittee hearings; Phillip Tocker's statement to Senate Subcommittee on Roads of the Public Works Committee; ASPO ( American Society of Planning Officials) policy statement)]
[Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969; Lamm vs. Volpe case; convention in Atlanta; article reprints; Highway Beautification Act; Truth in Lending Act ; traffic safety program; Notre Dame University; tax seminar; AAA and minimum visibility standards; public service programs; Vermont law; Digest of Legal Decisions ; Uniform Relocation Policy; compensation for structures removed; right-of-way manual revision]
[Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act; Analysis of S. 1 and H.R. 19436; analysis of Highway Beautification section of Highway Act of 1970; Instructional memorandum from Federal Highway Administration; Las Vegas convention; committee on compensation and evaluation; Vermont; HUD position on outdoor advertising restrictions; tar content in Secretary of Transportation, John Volpe; cigarette advertising; statement by The American Institute of Architects concerning Post Interstate Highway System before House committee on Public Works; proposed AASHO programs; Billboard bonus Act of 1958; Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968; Washington Committee; Mitchell Wolfson of Wometco Enterprises, Florida; Federal zoning; Land Use Policy; experience of other plants]
[Tax reduction; Economic Stability Act; OSHA; compensation for structure removal; digest of agreements with New Mexico and Arizona; Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; OSHA records; Lamm vs. Volpe; digest of 15 agreements implementing Beautification Act; wage/price freeze policy; legislative committees; ban on cigarette advertising; HUD amendments of Housing Act of 1970; Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970; etc.]
[National League of Cities policy statement; Vermont-Volpe; Digest of Legal Decisions Relating to Outdoor Advertising; sign cost and depreciation schedule; Labor-HEW Appropriations Bill (HR 16654) vetoed; NSC's OSHA checklists; legislative contact report; tax on compensation; Safety Committee's report; How to use the Supervisor's safety talks; Highway Research Board digest; Metromedia vs. San Diego; Ryan Outdoor Advertising vs. County of Riverside; law intern- Randy McPhee to implement Washington recommendations; cigarette advertising; Federal Register-Comptroller General-Campaign Communications and Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds]
[Federal Energy Office Interim Regional Directors; legislative contacts; legal seminar in San Francisco; energy crisis; OSHA rules and regulations; income tax implications of condemnations; Uniform Relocation and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970; OAAA first legal seminar; Street Graphics--book, movie and critique; Highway Act of 1973]
[Panama Canal treaties; First Amendments; FHWA release of outdoor advertising control funds for 1978; Lamar Citrus Outdoor v. City of Naples; updating compensation schedules (Supreme Court Opinion); Washington Reports; inverse condemnation actions; Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976; sign removal statistic from FHWA; removal of trees and undergrowth from highway right-of-ways; second annual legislative forum; MetroMedia vs. San Diego; uniform relocation act; Welton vs. Los Angeles; tax reform act of 1976]
[ H.A. Steen Industries vs. Zoning Board of Bensalem Township; trees and underbrush; illumination of signs; Public Service Program; Federal Trade Commission guidelines on fuel economy advertising for new cars; annual legislative committee meeting; Newman Signs vs. Hjelle et al; TAB; Uniform Relocation Act; Surface Transportation Assistance Act; decision of Court of Appeals Creative Displays vs. City of Pigeon Forge; Washington Reports; University of Texas Study of signs and traffic accidents; 8 state laws; Highway Beautification Act; Dolson v. Village of Rantoul (Macomb); congressional action; prohibited sign removal; First Amendment; cigarette advertising]
[Correspondence; article copies; letter, articles and circulars to oppose and stir up anti-billboard sentiment]
[Beautification legislation S. 2405; amendment HR 5043; article reprints-anti-billboard; American Institute of Architects; folder-1986 All Members Mailings Enclosures]
[News articles, spiral bound report-Tabular report: A Survey of Adults Nationwide; etc.]
[Coalition for scenic beauty; Kiwanis; Proposed highway beautification amendment to senate highway bill; separation of OAAA and IOA; Vote America poster; uniform relocation assistance amendment; SWOP questionnaire; downsizing issue, folder-1987 All Members Mailings Enclosures]
[Downsizing legislative committee survey; OAAA/IOA convention; political contributions; Southern Living magazine anti-outdoor advertising article; OAAA accomplishments; grassroots networking; reaction from R.J. Reynolds; Reagan national advertising membership issue; uniform relocation rulemaking; FHWA Docket 87-22; coalition for scenic beauty information; Zoning News-controlling billboards; new office location for OAAA; Kevin Gottlieb resigns to service country in US Senate; public service posters for Armenian earthquake relief; folder-1988 All Member Mailings, enclosures]
[(As revised and adopted by the Board of Directors 1950 Oct. 26, Never released. Held pending settlement of Government Suit.) (Suit settled 1952 Sept. 9. Not released after suit settlement, See: Membership procedure 1954 Oct. 26)]
[Booklet-Membership Procedure as Recommended by the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc. to the Chartered Associations; envelope in back contains booklets-Governing Policies, Service Rules; Federal Litigations, Constitution and By-Laws]
[Membership records by state-Alabama through Michigan; Official Membership Lists of the Associated Bill Posters and the Poster Advertising Association]
[See also Box MM1]
[See also Box MM1]
[See also Boxes MM1-MM2]
[Convention- Chicago]
[ Painted Outdoor Advertising Association]
[Transferred and dropped memberships]
The series documents the long relationship between the OAAA and the University of Notre Dame. Beginning in the early 1940s, the outdoor industry sought to establish a school to train young professionals for careers in outdoor advertising. Notre Dame was the site for the first outdoor advertising educational program and the first university to offer a degree in outdoor advertising. The series includes correspondence between OAAA and Notre Dame leading to the establishment of the School of Outdoor Advertising, as well as contribution rolls, program information, and research reports produced at Notre Dame for the outdoor industry.
Arranged alphabetically by topic. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[See also Box ND9]
[Accordion file of Frank Cawl, Jr. (agreement creating foundation; correspondence-TAB, counters, Naegele)]
[Files of Frank Cawl, Jr.; interim report, correspondence, meeting agenda, San-Tex, tachistoscope experiment to measure visual discrimination, ARF study layout, meeting minutes, resume of Dave Appel, handwritten notes, John Houck's book]
[See also Boxes ND8-ND9]
[See also Box ND9]
[Files of Frank Cawl, Jr. (IOA's design considerations; seminars 1970-plant operators, traffic projection; meeting minutes; Sealtest and Carbonated Containers stories; book-Out of Home Media by Norton Marks, Oxtoby-Smith)]
[See also Box ND9]
[See also Box ND4]
[See also Box ND6]
[See also Box ND3]
[See also Box ND7]
[Meeting canceled due to Mobilization Defense Effort]
The series contains the files and records of the committees that formed within the OAAA staff organizational structure. Some of the committees were short-lived and created for a specific purpose (like the Home Ownership Committee), while others were fundamental to the operation of the OAAA and survived for decades (such as the Chairman's Advisory Committee). The series provides an overview of the organizational structure of OAAA management and staff operations. In general, the committees provided oversight for and set the basic policies for the departments and divisions. Researchers interested in the operational aspects of the OAAA should consult both the files relating to a particular committee as well as those that pertain to related departments.
Arranged alphabetically by committee name. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box CM15]
The committee oversaw the purchase of the OAAA headquarters building. For more information see also the D.W. Vanderwater files in the Administration-Officers Series, and the building maintenance files in the Issues and Activities Series.
This committee served as the liaison between OAAA and other advertising professional associations, such as AAAA, TAB, NOAB, and the ANA, and covered such issues as advertising regulation and sales training programs.
[Correspondence To and From Mr. Dunnigan-To Committee Members, etc. 1949]
[Correspondence, some with promotional material attached, new lithograph machine.]
The CAC was set up as a standing committee with the power to act on executive issues that arose in the interim between Board meetings.
This committee covered issues ranging from salaries to depreciation of office equipment and billboard structures, along with Federal Highway Act audits regarding the cost of constructing new poster panels and billboard structures to comply with Highway Beautification Act guidelines of the early 1970s.
[ Compensation-evaluation committee; salaried personnel; audit by FHWA; confidential audit; requisition for supplies, service and shipments; comparative cost; brochure-production of a poster panel.]
[Correspondence; new release; payment schedule; Acquiring your real property for federal-aid highway -brochure 1975; compensation battle-FHWA (Federal Highway Administration); charts]
This committee dealt with wartime advertising and national security programs, such as for Defense Bonds, along with postwar manpower and materials requirement studies; for more information see the Issues and Activities series sections on World War II and Public Service campaigns.
[ Defense Mobilization Organization; U.S. Defense Bonds campaign; Public Relations; Business Development; Market Research and Development; glossary of terms]
An ad hoc committee that was set up in the 1930s to establish standards for evaluating the quality of poster service to advertisers.
This committee was responsible for issues of general association management, along with industry-wide concerns such as pending legislation and analyses of the legislative environment in various states.
[Sources of business; new service rules and regulations for painted display; traffic audit bureau; support of government in war effort; subscription price for postal regulation; period of cancellation; operation improvement; Outdoor Advertising News; cooperation between AFA and AAA; etc.]
[Minutes of meetings; summary of actions of Executive Committee; meeting agendas; energy crisis]
This committee oversaw finance matters, including budgets, financial statements and general accounting issues.
[See also Box CM15]
This committee advised and interpreted pending legislation and its projected impact on the advertising industry, and recommended actions and counter-proposals for lobbying efforts.
[Minutes, memoranda, article reprints, Ad Hoc Committee]
[A market coverage formula for outdoor advertising; report to the committee by F. Houston Wynn of Wilbur Smith and Associates; Formal report and recommendations resulting from meeting]
[Market Research Project, confidential]
[See also Box CM15]
This committee proposed and reviewed changes to Constitution and Bylaws, and resolved questions concerning membership.
[Sections: 1. the problem; 2. current by-laws; 3. legal opinions]
The original National Advisory Committee formed a delegation that sat on the US Treasury Department National Advisory Council, created to oversee a variety of programs such as Defense Bonds and the U.S. Savings Bonds Program. Other advisory committees took part in advisory councils and boards to provide industry input on a variety of U.S. government policies, as reflected in the organizations' titles.
[Reports of meetings; recommendation of Public Relations Committee]
This committee worked with the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Public Roads.
These committees helped coordinate wartime advertising activities.
[Report on French Lick meeting; minutes of meeting; progress report on organization and program report of meeting]
This committee worked with state planning departments.
This committee oversaw the educational programs established at the University of Notre Dame, including the School of Outdoor Advertising.
[See also Box CM15]
This comittee set policies for member operating practices, painted bulletin and billboard maintenance, and evaluated new techniques and technologies (paint, etc.). The committee also dealt with issues such as building codes, materials testing, and illumination techniques. Included are files on the Building Officials Conference of America; for related materials see the Physical Structure series.
[Also Macomb Business news journal 1940; TAB brochure 1977 with cover image from ca. 1910s]
[Original report of the Development and Research Department to the Operating Standards Committee, 1946-1947]
[ Fort Wayne and Cedar Rapids study 1954; Operating Standards Committee progress report 1952; reports and recommendations of the Operating Standards Committee and Subcommittees, 1953]
This committee treated issues concerning member plant operations, such as plant safety, building code requirements, standards for silkscreen and lithography, and combustibility studies. It also provided an interface between the Association and ANSI (American National Standards Institute) regarding structural construction standards.
[Correspondence; A60 Standard; proposed revision of ANSI ( American National Standards Institute); procedures for management; agenda of Executive Standards Council; summary of actions of committee; minimum standards for Acrylic faces in internally illuminated outdoor signs; building code requirements for sign and display structures; letter ballot on proposed revision of ANSI A60.1; Tyvek; booklets-recommended operating practice; illumination standards for Outdoor Advertising Display 1959, minimum design loads in buildings and other structures 1955) (correspondence; energy saving lamps; standards for folding of poster paper by silk screen and litho printers; building code requirements for sign and outdoor display structures; report-OAAA Illumination Handbook draft; illumination standards; lighting committee; ANSI Procedures for Management and Coordination of American National Standards; folder-Specific Lighting Products]
[See also Box CM15]
This committee set and evaluated standard poster panel sizes and sheet configurations.
[For the Poster Standard Committee Relating to the Problem of a Dual Standard of Copy Area for Standard Poster Panels; Exhibit K concerns Photo-Graphic Eye-Camera]
[This committee dealt with the reversion of outdoor advertising resources to peace-time operations.]
[See also Box CM15]
This committee dealt with issues of public policy and voluntary regulation. It drew up model legislation and reviewed pending legislation, and issued statements regarding Association positions on public policy issues.
This committee worked to improve the image of outdoor advertising by working with outside interest groups; it also coordinated industry competitions and awards.
[Public relations; contests and awards]
[Proceedings of Luncheon Meeting, Committee on Public Relations Cooperating with the OAAA]
[ 1928 Sept. 27 Fifth Conference, Organized Outdoor Advertising Industry, Committee on Public Relations]
[ Modern Outdoor Advertising-Its Policies and Practices, ca. 1930]
This was a task committee set up to study OAAA's overall organizational structure, and proposed ways to streamline the organizational chain. The committee was responsible for, among other things, the creation of the Chairman's Advisory Committee as a standing committee with executive authority, and was the originator of the proposal to merge OAAA with OAI (which finally took place in the 1970s).
[The following 10 folders are organized in their original order.]
[(From original box, folder 1 of 10) (box-Review and Plan Committee (outline on cover indicated Activity: A-Poster and Painted Display statistical Records and Service is missing; Standard Circulation Values of Outdoor Advertising by TAB 1938; Memorandum on Reconciliation: Reasons for and results of the Review and Plan Study of the activities and organization setup of the Association and related matters; Summary of Recommendations to the Review and Plan Committee based on the review an devaluation reports; Status of Subjects Referred to the Review and Plan Committee of The OAAA (Action: Subject: Proposed by: Status);
Review -Evaluation Report on Activities:
1-Business Relations Area: Activity: B-Local Business Development Program;
1-Business Relations Area: Activity: C-Traffic Audit Program
1-Business Relations Area: Activity D-Market and Traffic Evaluation Research Projects
2-Engineering, Research and Development
3-Public Relations Area: Public Relations Activities
4-General Administrative Area: Activities: Executive and Administrative)]
[The following 9 folders are organized in their original order.]
1-Memorandum on Reconciliation Reasons for and Results of the Review and Plan Study of the Activities and Organizational Setup of the Association and Related Matters
2-Summary of Recommendations to the Review and Plan Committee
3-Status of Subject Referred to the Review and Plan Committee of the OAAA as of 1959 Sept. 8
4-Review-Evaluation Report on Activities 1-Business Relations area; Activity: A-Poster and Painted Display Statistical Records and Service
5-Review-Evaluation Report on Activities 1-Business Relations area; Activity: B-Local Business Development Program
6-Review-Evaluation Report on Activities 1-Business Relations area; Activity: C-Traffic Audit Program
7-Review-Evaluation Report on Activities: 1-Business Relations Area: Activity D-Market and Traffic Evaluation Research Projects
8-Review-Evaluation Report on Activities: 2-Engineering, Research and Development Area
9-Review-Evaluation Report on Activities: 3-Public Relations Area: Public Relations Activities)
This committee set policies for workplace safety, to ensure compliance with OSHA regulations.
[ An Employer's Guide to the Occupational Safety, Health Administration's Switch to Common Sense Priorities ; Administrative law judge's opinion; Federal Register]
[Booklet-American National Standard for Ladders-Fixed-Safety Requirements]
[Posner (legal settlement; correspondence; failure of law to zero in on the problem-men wearing the safety belts provided)]
[ American Highway Sign Association; Advertising Metal Sign Manufacturers Association; HR 49115 Randolph amendment-Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944; Outdoor Advertising and Sign Industry Conference; commendation adopted-small signs and tack signs along highways in rural areas]
[See also Box CM16]
[metal emblems included in folder]
[See also Box CM16]
This committee worked with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) on a project to develop urban aesthetics programs to improve the urban visual environment. The committee was later renamed the Urban Planning Committee (files in this collection 1979-1982).
[The Kent Cooper partnership; correspondence; DOT memo; notes of field trips- Robbinswood, Twin Cities, Donnelly, Baltimore, Tuscaloosa Ala., Atlanta Ga.]
[Spiral booklet- A Proposal to the National Endowment for the Arts ; regular bound materials-Urban Communications Design Study: scope of work; resumes]
[Expo in Knoxville, Tenn.; slides of Coca-Cola Santa posters; 5 test programs brochure; marketing and testing; Urban Planning Committee; 2 spiral bound brochures]
[Report-model ordinance-1 slide; outline of federal outdoor advertising legislation and congressional history; draft of pilot ordinance; San Diego ordinance; rebuttal to book Street Graphics]
[File of D.W. Vanderwater (correspondence; article copies; Department of Commerce Bureau of Public Roads; remarks of Harry O'Mealia, Jr. of OAAA at joint OCDM-OAAA press conference; meeting notices; etc.)]
[Correspondence; news clippings-Billboard Man Pushes Plan to Remove Billboards, The Myth of the Highway Trust Fund; amendments to the Beautification Act]
This was an updated form of the Women's Auxiliary Committee (files in this collection 1939-1941 - see box CM16). The women's auxiliary committee was originally formed to recognize women's contributions to outdoor advertising and to provide women in outdoor advertising with a vehicle for creating networks among women professionals.
[See also Box CM1]
[Lutzen's File: charts; correspondence; energy emergency; manpower questionnaire)]
[ Vanderwater file: National defense correspondence; number and size of association members]
[See also Box CM4]
[ F & K Landscaping Program-1950; -Look Ahead-Poster Advertising Association-1917; -Outlines for 3 Addresses, outlines for speeches-ca. 1920s;-An Easy Way to Public Favor, landscaping with billboards-1929]
[See also Box CM4]
[Correspondence; booklets-Constitution and Bylaws of OAAA 1947, 1952, 1959, 1960; Background Information for the OAAA Membership Policy Committee. Blue binder: 1. The Problem; 2. Current Bylaws; 3. Legal Opinions]
[See also Box CM5]
[See also Box CM7]
[See also Box CM8]
[See also Box CM12]
[See also Box CM12]
[Bylaws; Women's Fact Finding Association; Public Relations Committee]
The series contains the files and records of the departments and divisions that made up the OAAA's operational structure. The series provides an overview of the organizational structure of OAAA line operations; the department names reflect the primary concerns of the association: business development, plant operations, education, painted displays, poster plant development, public policy, and research and engineering. As with most firms organized by line and staff, the departments carried out the policies identified and articulated by the committees. Researchers interested in the operational aspects of the OAAA should consult both the files relating to a particular committee as well as those that pertain to related departments.
Arranged alphabetically by department or division name. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[Signs and Outdoor Display Structures- American Standard Building requirements, 1949, Specifications for Additions and Alterations to Existing Building, 1947, war manpower poster, 1943, advertising contest, 1960, slide film script--adv. Coverage evaluation, 1961, campaign experience and copy ideas, 1961, Reader's Digest reprint, Massachusetts OAA rules and regulations) (Method of sort traffic counts), 1931, Outdoor Advertising Contest, 1959, editorial-- Shall We Hang Separately, 1960, step-by-step report on Highway Beautification Act of 1965, coverage in Los Angeles market, ca. 1960, The Magazine- Buffalo News- American Signs of 1981, General Tel's posters, ca. 1980, distance scale viewers]
[Co-operative Account Book of Business Relations Division;
Painted Displays give Dominance (financial institutions);
Painted Displays Sales Bulletin (new letter technique--neon signs, association, food & drink, jewelry);
Sales Ticklers (banking and financial institutions)]
[See also Box DD12]
[Includes Outdoor Advertising- A Channel of Communication, updated]
[ 1953 postings; correspondence; interoffice memo (1927) re: poster operating forms; correspondence re: posting work sheet, 1946; accepted contract control chart descriptions; article by John Paver, Office Control for Set Showings; pads of Display Reports]
[Forms V-AA]
[Inspection Report and Plant Owner's Letter of Instructions, undated (Exhibit JJ-KK)]
[Form--Exhibit BB-CC]
[Notice of Repainting Due, Notice of Expiration, undated (forms FF-II)]
[Slide narrative-- The Red Hand of Traffic Safety Campaign; forms for recapitulation of physical plant and service; report of service forms; price list of supplies]
[Aesthetics of billboards and legality, zoning, snipe signs, outdoor advertising council, market research and development, TAB (Traffic Audit Program), highway research board, upgrading outdoor advertising plants]
[Forms exhibit A-E]
[Service Accounting Record and Equalized Showings and Procedures, File B (handwritten on label- Posting Contracts) (forms- Exhibit F-I)]
[Forms T-U]
[Forms N-S]
[Forms J-M]
[Report of the Service Committee to Ways and Means Committee, 1938; Equalization Par, 1938; Summary of National Plan for the Verification of Poster Advertising Service (Fisk- confidential), undated; Plant inspection and field service report, ca. 1936; Canadian Association correspondence, 1937; Verification Procedure and Forms, 1936; Painted signs questionnaire, undated; Proportion Judgment (starts pg. 4), undated; Painted Bulletin Project, 1953; hand-drawn graphs and charts]
[Operation--method and cost; correspondence; do it right; summary of operational subjects; Policy, Method, and Procedure for Determination of... Population, coverage; The 1946 Poster Panel ; principles of posters; report of the policy committee on standards 1945]
[See also Box DD12]
[Preparation, Agenda, Examination, etc.; News clipping, course outlines; hand-drawn ads]
[Table of contents of bound minutes; cost finding--19th session by H.E. Fisk (begins page 17)]
[Case histories distributed-- Chevrolet, Sinclair, Union 76, Ford, Southern Pacific; business development policies; public policy and voluntary regulations; analyze your plant and service--brochure; cost finding; Stewart Writes on Depreciation reprint; suggestions in drawing leases]
[Receipts; compilation of the laws of several states relating to OA; program and agenda; list of attendees; correspondence]
[Newspaper and Poster Campaigns (Education Division of OAAA)]
[Executive Seminar in Public Relations, Communications Section, by G. Herber True, asst. Prof Advertising, University of Notre Dame (binding has seal of Notre Dame)]
[Industrial Relations material: publications reprints-- Codfish Tails ; Art & Outdoor Advertising ; Survey of the Outdoor Scene ), 1939; The Roadside Advertising Controversy by N.Y. City Federated Women's Clubs (booklet), 1938; What Poster Men Do for Good --address by Mrs. Harlan P. Lindsay (reprint), 1924; Poster Advertising, A National Asset by Senator W.W. Workman (reprint), ca. 1935; Modern Business Necessities (booklet), 1929; Outdoor Advertising (booklet), ca. 1930s; The Outdoor Advertising Industry (reprint from Staley's Journal), 1930s; Modern Outdoor Advertising, Its Policies and Practices, 1930; How to Measure Big Market Coverage in Oregon, dated 1951; Panels per Plant, 1949-1954 (charts) 1949-1954; Fort Wayne and Cedar Rapids Study / Coverage and Capacity, 1954; Should TAB resume the auditing of Painted Bulletins? dated 1950; Report of Wisconsin State Highway Commission, 1952; Painted auditing program, 1951; How many Poster Panels Do I need in My Showing? (flyer), 1950]
[See also Box DD12]
[See also Box DD12]
[See also Box DD12]
[Flyer--American Business Needs Outdoor Advertising; application]
[File of Tom Carabine, Mgr., Painted Display Dept. Photocopies of trucks, signs, meetings, etc. Most items are unlabeled. Also an article-- 24 Sheet Poster Packs a Powerful Punch ]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[File of Tom Carabine, Mgr., Painted Display Dept.]
[Proceedings of the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, 5th Annual Painted Display Conference, 1957 June 10-11, Chicago, Ill., typescript]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ROAD Database photograph numbers BBB3835-BBB3871]
[Painted Bulletin questionnaire 1952; An Audio-Visual Presentation Concerning the 1967 Jan. 10, Bureau of Public Roads Proposed Outdoor Advertising Criteria by Ross Barrett (spiral bound), 1967; report--OAAA Design Recommendations, Phase 2 by Daniel Solomon, architect and Barbara Solomon, graphic designer 1972; OAAA Urban Communications design study--A proposal to the National Endowment of the Arts 1973; (spiral binding--Possibilities for Test Projects in Outdoor Advertising (22 possible test projects) 1976]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ROAD Database photograph numbers BBB3928-BBB3980]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ROAD Database photograph numbers BBB3888-BBB3927]
[File of Tom Carabine, Mgr. Painted Display Dept. Correspondence, photos, mechanical drawings, association newsletter, The Streamliner ]
[File of Tom Carabine, Mgr. Painted Display Dept. Correspondence]
[Correspondence; map of Detroit 1936; fax slides--excerpt from apparel arts; Notre Dame 1953 rates and allotments; 1952 rates and allotments]
[General Painted Display Poster Advertising Cooperative Poster Advertising Spectacular Electrics; Inside title--Outdoor Advertising Everywhere]
[Poster Panels. File of Tom Carabine, Mgr. Painted Display Dept.]
[Cost Estimates File (file of Tom Carabine, Mgr. Painted Display Dept.)]
[See also Box DD12]
[File of Tom Carabine; photos of poster construction; lighting systems by radio; Budgit Hoist -correspondence & photos, 1950; Lima, Ohio Outdoor Advertising Code, 1950]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Field Representative Manuals: 1-- Procedure for field application of plant and service inventory 1939; 2--Check-List of Subjects for Use of Association Representatives 1933)]
[Blackout control, 1942; memorandum, 1941; Information Bulletin--painting, paste vent, rain-lap, 1941; officer's report--part IV--Plant Dev. Dept. & Com., 1940; officer's report--part IV--plant & service committee, 1940; report of technical committee, 1940]
[Article by John Paver: Office Control for Set Showings, a complete, yet simple record of contracts Posting Locations, ca. 1930; Survey Procedure Questions re: The Establishment of Standard Set Showings, 1930; procedures, etc; booklet Procedure for the Delivery of Equalized Coverage Showings, 1939; paste-up OAAA News, 1938); Field Men Procedure (Procedure for the Delivery of Equalized Showings), 1929; The Procedure for the Application of Plant and Service Inventory and the Making of Recommendations of Service Improvement and Future Plant Development, 1940]
[See also Box DD12]
[ Reprogramming for... Security, Volume, Profit (spiral flipchart)]
[See also Box DD12]
[Advertising--Agencies (relationship between this organization and source of business, analysis of report of compensation relation to cost)]
[Envelope, Treason in the Textbooks, newspaper clipping-- News of Education, dated 1946 Sept., Prof. Harold Rugg's book]
[Bicentennial Exhibit on Signs; Renwick Galleries, Smithsonian Institute; Signs of Life; Symbols in the American City (overseen by Wilson Tanner of OAAA, Dee Dunn of Renwick; exhibition inspired by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, created by Steve Izenour of Venturi & Rauch)
Communications with people issue; and journal articles; photographs (including Bull Durham sign); correspondence; Smithsonian News; quotations from exhibit brochure to use in HUD seminar; Roadside Business Association bulletin re: Federal Outdoor Advertising Legislation; Kansas City film and Think Biggest film mentioned; 74th national conference of OAAA]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Manuscript of advertising facts 1942; booklet--Suggestions for the advancement of Outdoor Advertising 1962; confidential--suggestions for the advancement of Outdoor Advertising, 1961; brochure-- Can highway billboards promote safety when they divert attention from the road? 1946; brochure-- Times change... So does distribution ; Notre Dame, 1946; Confidential bulletin--for information and guidance; billboards as traffic hazards, 1947; confidential bulletin--21 statements on facts and analysis based on position of the association, 1938; Public Policy Bulletin-- Propaganda versus Facts, 1949]
[Article reprint-- Twelve ways for Advertisers to serve public outdoors, dated 1955; article reprint-- Saving and Loans outdoor proclaims 27 selling points, dated 1957; article reprint-- Motels play up 33 guest services in outdoor displays, dated 1957; article reprint-- Newspapers have great story to tell outdoors, 1957; information bulletins, 1956; Policies for the regulation of outdoor advertising under zoning--report to American Institute of Planners and Impressions, 1957; news articles-- Elizabeth, N.J., 1955; County, 1954; booklet-- Fortune's 10th annual car survey, 1957; General Outdoor Advertising Posters, 1948 & 1951; booklet--What makes you Job...?, Dreyfus, ND; report-- Male influence in supermarket shopping, 1954; flyer-- Operating ratios for 35 lines of retail trade, dated 1955; article-- Outdoor Art Class- children's art, dated 1955]
[Photographs; news clippings--flagging, Iran oil; Ayatollah Khomeini), Vietnam peace, highway beautification battle, and others; silk-screen photos; photo of 42 members of Republican Senate Caucus of 96th Congress; N.J.]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Advertisements Appearing in Editor and Publisher and American Press, 1957-- reprints of advertisements]
[Committee on Public Works Restudy of the Highway Beautification Program; FRM Report; proposals for contract]
[ Presenting the Truth about Outdoor Advertising: A Guide in Answering Attacks ; booklet-- Display Advertising Products w/ letter, 1936; Kardex Institute report--standardization of practices, 1926; Bureau-gram 1939; Attitudes Towards Outdoor Advertising, 1957; booklet-- Propaganda versus Facts ca. 1949; Establishing Product Preferences ca. 1940]
[Capitalism (excerpt from The Reviewing Stand broadcast by Northwest University); campaign experience of Joyva Halvah]
[Correspondence, news clippings]
[ Western Oil and Gas Association, PCBOC ( Pacific Coast Building Officials Conference) sign code]
[Reports; correspondence; comments regarding...]
[Audio film--illumination project, Tufts University: pilot study, gas, speech by E.C. Yokley, news clippings, wide loads]
[Construction posting techniques, standards mechanical action, pounce pattern making, some hand drawing, some costing]
[ Sangamo Electric Company; illumination; paper posters; ink problems; Chicago Lighting Institute]
[Illumination Project; notes probably from meetings, meeting arrangements, Post War Planning Board]
[Responses and recommendations about report by Goodrich Electric's Nela Park plant; handwritten notes; some seemingly unrelated letters]
[Published brochure--Lighting for Seeing, materials list, article reprints--Silhouette Seeing with Motor Car Headlamps, The Visibility Meter, Footcandle Prescriptions, Aluminum Reflectors; The Magazine of Light, Mazda projector spot lamps handwritten notes and charts]
[Article reprint--Black Light and Fluorescent Materials, table of cost per foot manu. Brochure and literature on fluorescent lamps, illuminous displays]
[Prices and figures]
[ Correspondence and Equipment; Manufacturer's brochures (SOD), blueprint--conduit, foot-candles; plastic shields]
[Manufacturer's brochures, reflector charts, 1 cover letter-- Westinghouse]
[IES Standards, Guides, and Recommended Practices]
[Photo of conduit, Fasica Signs, fluorescent lighting]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Manufacturer's brochures and letters, SOD-missing third brochure--see Columbia folder]
[Operating instructions, specifications, 1 photo--billboard-- AC Oil Filters, bulletins--painting illumination details, Post War Planning Board, Foster and Kleiser Company]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Correspondence, Test Equipment, Purchase Requisitions]
[Nightly patrol--hours of lighting standards, various advertisers--hours reported (1930); War Production Board- illumination prohibition 1945, lease agreement-- Kalilite Display; Street Lighting Magazine, 1953 June]
[Manufacturer's brochures, list of users of Spectra Brightness Spot Meter]
[LPNA = Lithographers and Printers National Association]
[Manufacturer's brochures, price lists, source of supply list, equipment, tools and chemicals]
[File of Tom Carabine; imprint, mechanical action of swinging girl, revolving target, animated cow]
[Journal articles, floor plans]
[Booklets--Recommended Operating Practice, 1961 July, Guide to Good Operation ...OAAA Recommended Operating Practice; confidential--comments on shortening cancellation period; statement of policy; folder--proof of performance; correspondence]
[Fire resistance, article clipping, Model Sign Ordinance for Municipalities]
[Manufacturer's brochures, handwritten notes]
[See also Box DD12]
[See also Box DD1]
[See also Box DD2]
[See also Box DD3]
[See also Box DD3]
[See also Box DD3]
[See also Box DD4]
[See also Box DD6]
[Booklet by Lorado Taft; The Democratization of Art by Prof. Franz A. Aust; Advertising Essential to Business by Henry Mueler]
[Oversized file-- How Outdoor Advertising Works, dated 1947; flyer-- How can your ship come in if you do not send it out? undated [dates but no specific year]; The trend to outdoor life, dated 1939 (brittle)]
[See also Box DD6]
[See also Box DD8]
[See also Box DD9]
[See also Box DD10]
[See also Box DD11]
[See also Box DD11]
The series includes files on over 90 outdoor advertising companies. Most of the files are fairly brief and consist of only a promotional pamphlet, a news clipping or a TAB plant audit; other files are more extensive. Major firms, such as Columbus Outdoor, Thomas Cusack Co., John Donnelly & Sons, Foster & Kleiser, General Outdoor, and United Advertising are more heavily represented. The series also gives an overview into the scale of the outdoor industry in the U.S. during the second half of the 20th century.
See also the Traffic Audit Bureau Series for other TAB materials.
Arranged alphabetically by company name. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs, and by oversize folders.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box OA14]
[ Advertising in Recession Periods-A New Yardstick ]
[See also Box OA14]
[ How Billboards Break Down Sales Resistance ]
[See also DMB&B folder]
[ Outdoor Advertising- How Creative Can You Get? ]
[See also D'Arcy folder]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ This is an Idea ]
[ Energy Conservation; Ayatollah Khomeni]
[Not directly related to any items in Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box OA14]
[Photocopies of photos in folders. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Truck with scaffolding, using scaffold to post; Harry Morrison posting supt. of Foster and Kleiser's watching famous cartoonist- George Lichty finish army poster; armed forces watching Lithe]
[ An Analysis & Review of the Highway Advertising Situation ]
[Speech on Need for Outdoor Medium]
[Page 20 discusses 1963 merger with General Outdoor Advertising.]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series.]
[ All Around the Town with the Rotary Plan ]
[ Signs and Outdoor Advertising Structures ]
[See also Box OA14]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Article, How to Go from Rags to Riches in Real Estate ; Omni Outdoor startup execution documents; background of William J. Dooner]
[See also Box OA14]
[See also Boxes OA15-OA21]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Letters, awards, clippings, photographs; 1916-1964, clippings, reprints, pamphlets, and 1916 The Jersey Skeeter newspaper]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box OA1]
[See also Box OA2]
[See also Box OA4]
[ Chicago Tribune Magazine, Behold That Tiger ]
[ROAD database no. BBB6608; Inscribed: Employees at old Green plant on Valencia Street in San Francisco]
[Chicago Outdoor Advertising Recognition]
[See also Box OA9]
[See also Box OA11]
[See also Box OA11]
Contains photographs, slides, transparencies and negatives which have been removed from the other series. This series is divided into two subseries, depending on whether or not the images have been included in a database project. Nearly 17,000 photographs and negatives have been entered into the ROAD (Resource for Outdoor Advertising Descriptions) database, which will provide searchable access to the outdoor advertising image collection. Those images have been organized by database number. Images not entered into the database have been organized according to the company that produced the image. Where missing items are noted, those images have been removed due to preservation issues, and may not be available for use.
[Arranged by database number]
NOTE: See the Reference Archivist for access to the database.
[AAA0090 and AAA0100 relocated to Oversize Materials Box OV-1; AAA0170 removed]
[AAA0176, 0177, 0151, 0184, 0195 removed; There are 2 photographs with the same number -AAA0326]
[No negatives]
[AAA0584 removed]
[AAA0734 and AAA1007 removed]
[AAA5218 removed]
[AAA4347, 4367, 4386-4389, 4394, 4395, 4398, 4399, 4402, 4403, 4406, 4407, 4410, 4411, 4414, 4415, 4418, 4419, 4422, 4423, 4426-28, 4431, 4433, 4435, 4437, 4439, 4441, 4443, 4445, 4447, 4448, 4451, 4453, 4455, 4456, 4459, 4460, 4463-4466, 4469, 4470, 4473, 4474 removed]
[AAA4490, 4492, 4509, 4511, 4514, 4516, 4518-4523, 4525, 4527, 4528, 4529, 4531, 4536, 4537, 4538, 4541, 4542, 4546, 4547, 4549, 4559, 4561, 4562, 4565, 4567, 4569, 4571, 4575, 4579, 4581, 4583, 4594, 4596, 4599, 4603, 4609, 4610, 4613, 4615, 4618, 4620, 4622, 4624, 4643, 4644, 4646, 4651, 4657-4661, 4663, 4665, 4667, 4669, 4670, 4671, 4672, 4675, 4679 removed]
[AAA4778, AAA4780, AAA-4789 relocated to Oversize Materials Box OV-3]
[AAA5000, AAA5003-5005 removed]
[AAA5257 removed]
[AAA5375 relocated to Oversize Materials Box OV-3]
[AAA5708, 5713, 5719, 5720, 5731-34, 5743-46 removed]
[AAA5897 and AAA5924 removed]
[AAA6007, 6009, 6010, 6032 removed]
[AAA6443 and AAA6444 removed]
[AAA6734 removed]
[AAA6921 and AAA6923 removed]
[AAA7309 removed]
[AAA7492 removed]
[AAA7565 removed; AAA7572 relocated to Oversize Materials Box OV-3]
[AAA7924 and AAA7925 removed; AAA7725 in box CC15]
[AAA7974-7975, 7978-7980, 7986-7988, 7992-7994, 8023, 8043-8045, 8139-8140, 8145 removed]
[AAA8203 removed]
[AAA8588 placed with 8604; AAA8636 placed with 8612; AAA8686 and 8758 removed]
[AAA9072 placed with AAA9061]
[Outdoor Advertising Historical Collection -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book II Alcoholic Beverages 1/6, Negs -9294-9356; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book II Alcoholic Beverages 2/6, Negs - 9357-9444; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book II Alcoholic Beverages 3/6, Negs -9445-9556]
[Outdoor Advertising Historical Collection -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book II Alcoholic Beverages 4/6, Negs -9557-9646; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book II Alcoholic Beverages 5/6, Negs - 9647-9742; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder Eller Negs Book II Alcoholic Beverages 6/6, Negs -9743-9815; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book III Beer 1/5, Negs - 9816-9878]
[OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book III Beer 2/5, Negs -AAA9935-BBB0017 -OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book III Beverages 4/5, Negs - BBB0106-0151]
[OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book III Beverages/Tobacco 5/5, Negs -BBB0152-0187; OAHC - Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book IV American Motors/Buick/Chevrolet 1/7, Neg -BBB0188-0228; OAHC - Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book IV Chevrolet 2/7, Neg BBB0229-0269; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book IV Chevrolet 3/7, Negs -BBB0270-0323; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book IV (Honda, Pontiac, Toyota, Suzuki, Ford, Mercedes, Mercury, Plymouth, Volkswagon) 4/7, Negs -BBB0362-0363; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Book IV (Miscellaneous Travel/Cadillac Car Dealers/Chevrolet Dealers) 5/7, Negs -BBB0398-0456; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Book IV Auto Dealers -Chevrolet 6/7, Negs - BBB0457-0514]
[OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book V Richfield Gas Station, AAA Motormatic/Trucks/Aris 1/5, Negs -BBB0594-0628; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder - Eller Negs Book V American Airlines/Bononza Air/Albuquerque Air/Airwesr 2/5, Negs -BBB0629-0695; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book V Frontier Air/Delta/Hughes Air West 3/5, Negs -BBB0696-0769; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder - Eller Negs Book V TWA/Western Airlines 4/5, Negs - BBB0770-0867; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book V -Railroads/Motorcycles/Moving Vans/Equipment/Recreational Vehicles 5/5, Negs BBB0868-0943]
[OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book VIII Homes (Real Estate) 3/6, Negs BBB2144-2256; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book VIII Homes (Real Estate) 4/6, Negs BBB2257-2367; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book VIII Homes (Real Estate) 5/6, Negs - BBB2368-2470; OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book VIII Mobile Homes/Parkes 6/6, Negs BBB2471-2507]
[BBB3050 removed]
[BBB3580-3583 have X photos (3580x, 3581x, 3582x, 3583x), photocopies of BBB3685-3699]
[BBB3835-3871 located in box DD3; BBB3888-3927 located in box DD4; BBB3872-3888 removed]
[OAHC -Eller Media, Folder -Eller Negs Book VI Restaurants 6/6, Negs -BBB1510-1574, BBB1635-1680]
[Unlabeled photocopy after BBB4414]
[BBB4621-4637 removed]
[BBB4831, 4833, 4835, 4836, 4897-4909, 4912, 4920, 4926-4970 removed]
[BBB6609 removed; BBB6608 placed in box OA14, BBB6610 and BBB6620 placed in Campaign Case Studies Series box CS15]
[American Airlines]
[Ohio Safety; numbered 1-45]
[Restaurants, motels; numbered 46-122]
[Automobiles; numbered 123-150]
[Numbered 151-222]
[Numbered 223-286]
[Numbered 287-345]
[Numbered 346-387]
[Street scenes; Coca Cola]
[Color photos of billboards]
[Miscellaneous photos]
[Dairylea Milk]
[Not all items Foster & Kleiser]
[Contacts and negatives; HP Jr.]
[Contacts and Negatives]
[Numbered 1-227]
[Marked Book 1]
[Numbered FK 200-271]
[Numbered FK 1-199]
The series contains information on: technologies; the development of billboard structures; research and solutions to a variety of construction problems; building codes and standards; research on color, paint, paper, and pasting techniques; illumination techniques; and alternative billboard designs. Also the series pertains to the evolution of billboard structures, in particular the Loewy panels designed after World War II, and the all-metal structures pioneered by the Tiffen Art Metal Co.
Arranged alphabetically by topic. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box PS14]
[Metal Cleaner-Naccanol: Stainless Steel Research (Naccanol is a detergent wetting agent) letters, brochure, report]
[See also Box PS14]
[Office Records 1970s-Bicentennial Exhibit; HUD Seminar; OSHA Standards; Highway Beautification Commission, Etc, 1967-1989 Full; Billboard Art (news clippings; sign painters' art show); New West magazine article on art billboards; black and white article with color photo; Kodak--photo-evolution of painted billboards; spiral booklet of Patrick Media Group- 1987 Billboard Art Program; article-Pop billboards; 1981-1982 Outdoor Art Contest; correspondence; booklet-Arizona State U. Design competition; Horizon magazine- Art as big as All Outdoors ; Sunset magazine- Los Angeles Art Walking ; book- Art in America, 1967-1987; Slides]
[Poster Sizes and Standards]
[Correspondence; winter posting; junior panel; specifications; lye cooking poster paste; preparation of poster paste; Outdoor Advertising News, 1949]
[(Hand labeled)- Olli-Please use photographed: 70 pages-du House-$75 first copy, $50 second copy, Geil Graphics-$300 first copy, $122 second copy ; (photographs of book pages-Spanger Bros., Newark, N.J. whole sign catalog pages 1-64); catalog of Spanger Bros.]
[See also Box PS14]
[American Standard Building Requirements for Sign and Outdoor Display Structures ( ASA Standard is Model for Practical Sign Ordinance pasted on mounting board]
[Model Building Code: correspondence (plus Lima, Ohio Advertising Code)]
[See also Box PS14]
[Presentations- Essentials of Design by Mark Steelen; Reproduction of Copy by A.R. Jordon; Animation and Embellishment Techniques by W.W. Miller]
[Colors Added to Basic Chart Correspondence (1939-1944) - Glidden, Valentin & Company, Frost, O'Brian Varnish, Texlite]
[Correspondence (Representatives and O.A.A.)]
[Correspondence (Agency and Advertiser representative)]
[Basic Bulletin Colors (1936-1939), Color Charts and Samples, Correspondence (1939), Socony, Sherwin Williams, Roman, Alston Lucas, Dupont]
[Color Panel Selection-Bowles, 1952; correspondence, 1950; Fuller Tinting Guide; Duplex and O.A.A. basic color bulletins, 1950]
[Samples (1956) Standard; Fuller paints, 1952-1956; Bowles; Sears & Roebuck; U.S. Steele]
[Correspondence-O.A.A. and Sherwin Williams; O.A.A. and Foster & Kleiser]
[Socony/ O.A.A. correspondence, Coca-Cola/ O.A.A. correspondence, Foster & Kleiser]
[Approval Correspondence- Glidden, Standard Oil, T.J. Roan, U.S. Color Card]
[Correspondence-Foster Green Paint (color samples attached to correspondence)]
[Updating/ Samples- Glidden, Sherwin Williams]
[Correspondence Legibility-O.A.A. and Socony]
[ 1950 Color Bulletin; correspondence O.A.A. and paint manufacturers concerning paint samples]
[Panels-Painted reports; color chart; A Guide for the Preparation of Copy and Art for Painted Displays ; Opportunity in National Painted Display Advertising--If... by John Paver]
[Photo & negatives; rules; poster panel green; 1941-1950 meeting of the Painted Display Standards Subcommittee 1950; maintenance paint manual undated]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Color--Basic Bulletin Covers; Color Samples-- DuPont, Sherwin Williams, etc.]
[Correspondence-- Foster & Kleiser, Glidden Color Name Suggestions]
[Paints and Painting-Spray (reprint from OAAA News)]
[Weatherometer Tests (correspondence, published reports from Atlas Electric Devices Company]
[(Photos-erecting billboard, workman using paint burning), Region 5, Akron GOA plant-vat of cooking paste, poster wetting tank; 1949 June Outdoor Advertising Association News]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Poster Structures- Engineering Design Manual: Outdoor Advertising Structures ]
[Suppliers Conference Chicago, Ill. - 1955 Jan. 10]
[Improvement Trends; draft of-OAAA members 1958 Invest Millions for Capital Improvements in One Year]
[Photos: Construction & Erection ( Pennsylvania, Seattle, Akron); K.L. (Karl) Ghaster ( 1940)-construction, with close-ups and tools; handwritten charts]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ 1946 Poster Panel and (Loewy design; standards; moulding; Permolite coating; tapered steel posts; porcelain enamel moulding; construction; wood or steel frames; Notre Dame tests; Texlite; blueprints)]
[Panels-Maintenance (Improved poster green; slipperiness of walkway surfaces; care of stainless steel; galvanized sheet metal; rust prevention; soil condition and anchors)]
[Panels-Posters (correspondence; standard group poster panels; Tandem Twin Tubular Structure drawing)]
[Blue Prints Visualized: Standard Poster Panel]
[Panels; standard city and suburban bulletin; imprint; mechanical drawing; increase of illuminate panels; apron, lattice and embellishment; photos]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Projects--Standard Structures Pamphlet (layout; booklets; governing policies, Service Rules, the outdoor advertising medium, Channel of Communication; American Restaurant Magazine for 1955 Aug.)]
[Rennous Kleinle Division (Pittsburgh Plate Glass), Baltimore, 1931-1932]
[Handwritten spreadsheets; recap of replies to Painted Display Questionnaire]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Spiral album of images of Tele-Spot signs; Tele-Spot Display Systems; report by Information Concepts concerning standards for reflective disk changeable messages systems (Tele-Spot), systems overview, technology, and safety]
[See also Box PS14]
[Flammability test; Fiberglas trim test program; article; mechanical properties of laminated plastics; plastic buckling; booklet-Plexiglas]
[Association Standard and Junior Poster Panels (standards and codes; certification of copyright registration; molding and trim design; Ad Andy ; correspondence about blueprints but no blueprints; report of meeting at French Lick 1945)]
[Post-war planning board; structures; experimental model infra-red dryer; Raymond Loewy Associates; super-wood; Notre Dame; post-war plant redevelopment; W. Rex Bell; illumination; frames; cost of conversion; photos; Canadian Poster News 1944]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Meeting French Lick 1945; copyrights; patent for framing and blanking means; post-war planning board; correspondence about blueprints but no blueprints; Raymond Loewy; Rex Bell; post-war planning board; porcelain molding]
[Booklets-Standards are Your Business, Voluntary Standards, Legal Aspects of Standardization by John F. Sonnet at 13th annual meeting; reprint-Legal Aspects of Standardization and Simplification]
[See also Box PS14]
[Association Structures 1928 (Vego cloth-Freeman-Lee patent; others)]
[See also Box PS14]
[ Dr. P.C. Rutledge, Technological Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.]
[Final Report. A.R.F. Project No. K-655 Study of Poster Pole Configurations, 1959]
[Report on Research, Foundation and Anchorage for Cantilever Type 1947 Structures ( Notre Dame-report of the effect of anchorage embedment and shape on the deflection of cantilever type backstructure uprights for outdoor advertising structures)]
[Soil (correspondence; reprint- Essentials of Soil-Cement Testing and Construction ; reprint-- Soil-cement Construction Details ; list of publications of Gregory P. Tachebotarioff, Princeton; conference on soil mechanics and its applications; article- Static Load Tests for Bearing Piles) ]
[See also Box PS14]
[ To Cut Down the Flagging Poster Problem by Charles Keesling]
[Blanking paper; paste cooking equipment; post-war paper; lattice]
[Correspondence of H.E. Fisk-memos, letters, photos from Wenatchee, Washington, 1941 Mar.]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Scrap paper baler]
[Letter to OAAA Members, lithographers and screen processors; Poster Collation]
[Plant appearance; stock posters; directory of poster producers; 24 sheet standards; Keeping Posted ]
[Reclaimed paper samples; poster scrap reclamation process by Rich Atwater; poster paper reclamation program; licensed dealers of scrap; baler diagrams and price list]
[Poster locations; standardization; specifications; poster copy isolation study; poster collation]
[Replies to letter dated 1944 May 24 (replies from branches and members; scrap tabulation from branches)]
[Paper (2): poster paper scrap reclamation; process by L.R.B. Atwater; War Production Board releases and orders; book paper mills; Current Aspects of the Paper Situation by American Paper and Pulp Association of 1942; National Waste Paper Conservation poster]
[Paper (1): correspondence concerning scrap paper and paper conservation; War Production Board Orders; poster paper reclamation]
[ War Production Board; paper shortage]
[Paper samples, specifications, paper grading, handwritten notes]
[See also Box PS14]
[Correspondence: Adhesives (no stain pastes; water hardness article; antifreeze; Pillsbury Flour Mills-flour paste; bibliography of reports on Adhesives 1946; Quilon)]
[Posting booklets-Non Wrinkle 1920s; booklet-Description of 1926-1950 a New and improved method of Hanging posters... 1926; booklet-Posting Service Tips, 1950; shop posting; posting techniques; winter posting; correspondence; paper shortage; war]
[Plywood Paste Tanks; mechanical drawings, plastic paste tanks; 1952, correspondence; plastic faced plywood]
[Poster Methods: Short Handle Posting: Poster Research (a process of non-wrinkle posting; posting practices and preferences; tempgum & cleartite; specifications; handwritten drawings and notes; flagging; Coca Cola; minutes of meeting of Lithographers National Association and Poster Lithographers & OAAA; Loewy panels; Posting Service Tips; short handle & long handle methods)]
[Poster Wetting Method; photographs; process of non-wrinkled posting; quotes; technical study of posters]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Winter posting procedures; Correspondence; suggestions; lye adhesives; antifreeze]
[Wisconsin Clinic (1952) -posting and construction trucks; paste cookers]
[Moulding Cover Project (keeping paste from molding; Royalite synthetic composition brochure; Notre Dame), 1950]
[ Materials and Techniques for Prolonging the Freshly Painted Appearance of outdoor Poster Panel Trim: report to OAAA]
[See also Box PS1]
[See also Box PS1]
[See also Box PS2]
[See also Boxes PS3-PS4]
[Trends, form and color, field, power of, OAAA color standard change, specs, medallions, and plagues, Fort Dearborn Plan, Visualite color manual, Color is How You Light It ]
[See also Boxes PS8-PS9]
[See also Box PS9]
[Chase 1940-framing patents by William G. Browne, Roger W. Olmstead- 2209957 & 2209958]
[ Loewy trim, design letters, power of attorney]
[See also Box PS10]
[See also Boxes PS10-PS11]
[See also Boxes PS12-PS13]
[File of Karl Ghaster: procedures, photomicrographs, photographs, bacteria destroys poster paste]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
The series includes a variety of publications produced by and for the outdoor industry. The series as a whole is valuable primarily as an indication of the scope of publication activities undertaken by the outdoor industry.
Arranged alphabetically by publication type.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[ The Policy and Procedure Governing the Relationship Between Sources of Business and Association Members ]
The main categories in this series are federal and state legislation, federal and state litigation, interest groups, and research relating to billboard regulation. The bulk of the material collected here concerns the legislation surrounding the creation of the Federal Interstate Highway System, notably the Federal Highway acts and Highway Beautification acts of the 1950s-1970s. There are files on various interest groups, such as the American Automobile Association and the General Federation of Women's Clubs, as well as the outdoor industry's own efforts to propose model billboard laws and plans for self-regulation.
Overall, the series is arranged alphabetically by topic. Some sub-series are arranged chronologically; those are noted within the finding aid as appropriate. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box RG36]
[Chapter titles of book- Whither Beauty? A History of the Federal Efforts to Control Outdoor Advertising, undated; issues of Inside Outdoor newsletter 1971-1972; booklet- Outdoor Advertising Design, 1967; photo from 1941 OAAA Convention; Senate bill S. 3934-Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974; Society for Commercial Archeology, 1987; Earl Madman Muntz , 1987; Marineland 1987; OAAA proposed Freedom of Outdoor Communications Act, ` 1985; OAAA Archives at Fairleigh Dickinson U. 1980-1984; Alexander May's book- History of Posters 1927; news clipping- Billboards: The World's Earliest Art? 1975; bibliography-Outdoor Advertising Association of America Collection 1981]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box RG36]
[1-Amenities Bill; 2-Model State Law]
[Correspondence from Michigan State Highway Department 1952; charges against Outdoor Advertising from Better Roads 1951; report of Colston E. Warne, President, Consumers Union undated; Outdoor Advertising-Answers to Charges undated; letter to editor ( New York Times) from National Roadside Council 1953; Highways-Limited access-Hypnosis from Coronet 1953]
[Equality to all solicitors and agencies]
[Report; correspondence]
[See also Box RG36]
[Preservation of natural scenery]
[3 contact reports]
[Correspondence; booklet-A Playground Handbook for Chamber of Commerce Executives]
[Symposium on motion pictures-misleading advertising on billboards]
[Contact reports]
[Booklets-Vacation in the National Forests 1930, First International Congress (World Recreation Congress), Los Angeles, 1932; correspondence; article- Can We Afford Recreation Now? ; contact report]
[Correspondence]
[(File of H.E. Fisk, General Manager OAAA) Outdoor Advertising Association; Tentative plan for the preservation of the natural Scenic Beauties of Landscapes, the development of recreational areas for public use along the highways and the orderly and appropriate development of business in relations to such highways in rural districts; contact reports concerning Educational Platform]
[See also Box RG36]
[Correspondence; Public Law 521-amendment and supplement Federal-Aid Road Act; booklet-Policy on Intersections at Grade]
[See also Box RG37]
[Correspondence; report-Functions of OAAA by H.E. Fisk, General Manager; program for forum; report on forum; report- The Value of Outdoor Advertising to Users of the Medium as Cited in Specific Cases ; booklet-New York State Federation of Women's Clubs Summary of Findings Committee; report- Brief of Facts ; booklet- A Guide to the Exhibit of the Conservation Department ; news clipping; flyer- The Outdoor Advertising Industry and Highway Beautification of Pennsylvania ; Frelinghuysen vs. State Highway Commission (N.J.); Forum on Roadside Beauty held by Dept. of Conservation, New York State Federation of Women's Clubs; Memorandum for meeting of Joint Committee Representing General Federation of Women's Club and Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc.]
[Audio tapes removed and placed in the Video, Film and Audio Recordings Series]
[Folder-Pepper Opinions, 1932 Oct. 23; 1-Amenities, 2-Model State Law;(Pepper, Bodine, Stokes and Schoch); folder-Division of Planning Act, original draft (Model 1 typed; article copy- Billboard Industry 'Tentative Plan' called misleading ); news clippings, correspondence; Mrs. Lawton; Urban Land Institute; booklet- Decentralization: What is it Doing to Our Cities? ; Herbert U. Nelson executive (VP of NAREB) public statement attack; file divider-Real Estate Signs Research 1935 ( The Roadside Bulletin)]
[Roadside beauty; correspondence]
[Issues with anti-billboard articles; statement of Frank Blake 1960, Director of Public Relations; correspondence with RD; confidential bulletins; reprint of article by Howard Gossage from Harper's magazine 1960, etc.]
[Request to enter advertising business; application for waiver; final judgment to permit BellSouth into advertising]
[See also Boxes RG37-RG38]
[Finance Committee of US Senate; news clippings; Tax on sign law; taxes on OA; legal opinion]
[Hearings before the committee on Finance United States Senate 77th Congress First Session on H.R. 5417, 1941]
[Hearings before the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, 1941]
[Hearings before the Subcommittee on Roads of the Committee on Public Works, House of Representatives]
[Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Public Works, United States Senate Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session on S. 963]
[Economic Impact Studies, arranged by numbers 4000-4006; 4000: Billboard Regulation and the Interstate System ; 4001: Thoughts on Billboard Evaluation ; 4002: The Economic Impact of Piece-By-Piece Opening of Interstate Highways on Businesses ; 4003: Outdoor Poster Panel and Bulletin Advertising ; 4004: Presentation Concerning the Effects of the Federal Regulations for the Control of Outdoor Advertising on Travel, Business and Outdoor Communication ; 4005: A Guide to Constitutional Provisions and Statutes of the Various States Concerning the Use of Highway Funds and the Acquisition of Land for Highway Purposes ; 4006: Congress Passes New Bill Regulating Outdoor Advertising ]
[Numbered 428-431]
[ Congressional Record for the 86th and 87th Congress-amendment to Federal-Aid Highway Act, Congressional bills, billboard blight, roadside advertising controversy]
[Directives-Beautification-General-Instructional-Memorandum; circular memorandum to directors and regional engineers of departments of Commerce; Department Order Series; booklet- Public participation in Highway Beautification ; White House news release-President's Council on Recreation and Natural Beauty; remarks of President; Advertising Control; Landscaping; Inventory of Signs and Junkyards ; booklet - Manual for Inventory of Outdoor Advertising Signs, Displays and Devices and of Junkyards ; Real Property Acquisition and Evaluation; Speeches on Beautification (remarks of Secretary of Commerce John T. Condor; panel discussion; booklet- Highway Beautification Act of 1965 by Oregon State University); Inventory of Safety Rest Areas; Oregon Compliance Highway Beautification Act (legal opinion; a bill for an act); press releases; extracts from the Congressional Record]
[Waiver of 10% Penalty (statement of Alan S., Sec. of Transportation at news conference; memorandum to directors of Highway Administration); S. 539, Compensation for Advertising (Management 90th) (bill); Status of State Legislative Action (memorandum to Dept. of Commerce engineers; state legislative report; status of states enacted legislation on HBA of 1965); Published Material (news clipping-cartoons, articles; newscasts); Agreements with States; Official Advertising Signs on R/W (article-Highway Sign Research); S. 2122, Mr. Magnuson (bill; Congressional Record); Oregon Advertising Agreement (correspondence; Lady Bird Johnson; transcript of bill for an act); Amendments to Highway Beautification Act of 1965]
[Photograph of James Young of J. Walter Thompson Company; Preliminary Analysis of the Highway Beautification Act of 1965; Outdoor Advertising News, 1965; Implementation of Road Beautification Act Stirs Controversy 1966; Statement of Policy Position 1965; The Highway Beautification Report 1967; Suggestions for Possible Use in the Preparation of an Agreement Pursuant to the Requirements of the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 and cover letter 1968; Billboards find Host of Friends at Luverne Scenery hearing 1968; The Billboards are Falling! ca. 1968; To Do Business Where Others Do Business, Under the Same Freedom and Limitations ca. 1966; Lady Bird's Beauty Bill 1965; Advertising Not Hazard to Road Users ca. 1963; Highways Beautification Legislation 1970; Report on a study to determine the impact of Levis, KP Nuts and Marlboro all over car advertising in Manchester (England) ca. 1978]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[HR 7797, Authorizations for Safety and Beauty (bill; correspondence; charts); S. 1467-authorizations Highway Beautification Program (bill; report; Congressional Record); Other Beautification Bills (H.R. 3120); Statements ( John C. Kluczynski of Illinois, chairman of subcommittee on roads; William C. Cramer; Forrest Cooper, State Highway Engineer of Oregon; report); Congressional Extracts (Congressional Record April-Oct. 1967; remarks of William C. Cramer); Miscellaneous Correspondence, etc. (Government memorandum; hearings); Minority Correspondence; Minority Material (correspondence; Survey of the standard poster outdoor advertising industry; by states; reports; articles; U.S. News and World Report article on Wilbur Mills; etc.); Notices and Witness List (agenda of open hearings); Minority Views (memorandum); Highway Safety and Beauty Trust Fund (booklet Proposed Legislation submitted by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of commerce Entitled the Federal-Aid Highway Way Act of 1966 and the Highway, Airway, and Waterway User Act of 1966 ...; draft of proposed bill); Highway Financing (report); Questions for Witnesses (questions suggested by Forrest Cooper; American Association of State Highway Officials); Highway Beautification Existing Law (government documents; Congressional Record); Highway Safety and Traffic and Vehicle Safety Acts (act); Amendments to Highway Beautification Authority Bill]
[Congressional report-restudy of the Highway Beautification Program by U.S. Department of Transportation]
[Roadside Advertising Signs: Legal and Valuation Problems and Procedures prepared by Roger A. Cunningham (bound without cover)]
[Report-The Priority of Quality, summary of report of Commission on Highway Beautification; Congressional Record; report-Study on Public Attitudes Highway Beautification; official notice of public hearing; Statements before Commission by- Dean Lamar- Lamar Advertising, Phillip Tocker- OAAA, William L. Watts- Rollins Outdoor Advertising Company, W. Harp-Assistant Commissioner for Legal Affairs N.Y. DOT, Mrs. W.L. Lyons-Brown- Garden Club of America, C. Harrison Mann, Jr.- Virginia Businessman's Committee, Paul Spreiregen- American Institute of Architects, Arthur J.- American Hotel and Motel Association, Nolan H. Rogers-Assistant Attorney General Maryland DOT, Hudson B. Drake-Dept. of Commerce; Conrad L. Worth- American Society of Landscape Architects, Rep. James P. Ritter of Penn. House of Representatives, George Petrutsas, -Federal Communication Commission, James E. Hirten-acting Secretary of Environment and Urban Systems DOT; Legal opinion- Texas, Columbia University; case notes; remarks of Ross D. Netherton, Research Director, Commission on Highway Beautification at meeting of Highway Research Board]
[Also news clippings or copies; Highway Beautification Reassessment; photo requesting identification; affidavits; list of witnesses for FHWA hearing; hearing chairman's guide; garden clubs; list of speakers; article reprints; docket transcripts; rough draft presentations]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Official Report of Proceedings before the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Portland, Oregon]
[Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978; Highway Beautification Program Digest]
[Includes responses from states]
[AAF Inter-Association Council Membership; Report to the Congress 1978; report- Why the Highway Beautification Program Should Be Continued ; congressional records-flexibility of billboard control effort; City of San Diego; spiral bound booklet-The Legislative History of the 1978 Compensation Amendment to the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 ( Vern Clark's?)]
[Federal Highway Docket 79-10) (files of George McInturff)]
[FHWA Resolution; correspondence; folder-Advisory Committee (confidential memorandum)]
[Vegetation control; on-premise signs; electric signs; NAC; FHWA; traffic information council of Oregon; alternate information systems; non-conforming signs; Highway Beautification Act]
[Also folder-Meeting-(Ross?) Barrett 1981 Jan. 21]
[ Ross Barrett; NAC; Highway Beautification Act; non-conforming signs; Federal Register; vegetation control; directional signs; just compensation; George McInturff; Consultant on Environmental Affairs]
[Highway Beautification Act]
[NAC outdoor Advertising and Motorist Information, 1981]
[Highway Beautification Program-Reassessment; public hearings; Federal Register; NAC on Outdoor Advertising and Motorist Information; white papers-reassessment subject categories]
[Hearing comments; count]
[Reports of the National Advisory Committee; Outdoor Advertising and Motorist Information, Supreme Court-Combined Communications Corp. vs. Denver; Electronic Variable Message Signs (EVM's); signs in Commercial and Industrial zones; premise signs; Highway Beautification Act; FHWA (Federal Highway Administration); Federal-Aid primary system; NAC meeting minutes; recommendations for report to FHWA; road user tax on billboards]
[See also Box RG39]
[Statutes relating to Outdoor advertising; discussion]
[ Regulations of Outdoor Advertising on the Interstate Highway System in New Jersey, spiral-bound report]
[Recommended voluntary standards for roadside business; state legislation; Racine, Wisconsin]
[Arranged by state]
[Alphabetical Listing; see also Box RG39]
[Correspondence-Federal Grand Jury- 1947; Government suit 1950; H.R. 6713-Federal Aid Highway Act of 1961; confidential letter to members 1961; statement in opposition to proposed amendment of AAA to Wright Bill-H.R. 4886, 1959]
[Alphabetical Listing; see also Box RG39]
[See also Box RG39]
[Cost of living council exempts and advertising; cost of billboard space; Phase 3 Price Controls; news clippings; correspondence; Cost of Living Council News; House Bill HR 11345-Economic Stabilization Act ( Frank Cawl's files?)]
[Articles-Metromedia Impact, Wisconsin joint resolution; press release from Wisconsin state representative Ron Sell; critique of Crawford article by Geroge McInturff, III; copy of 1982 Zoning and Planning Law Handbook-chapter by Crawford]
[Arranged into 29 sections]
[Sections: i. Urban ordinance information forms; ii. Position paper to establish the position of Burkhart Advertising with respect to local zoning and sign ordinances; iii. (missing); iv. OAAA Survival Kit; v. suggested ordinance for the regulation of off-premise outdoor advertising; vi. Letters of appreciation; vii. Plaintiff's trial brief- Lubbock Poster Company vs. City of Lubbock, Texas; viii. Outline of materials contained in Deer Park presentation]
[Highway Beautification; land use; energy legislation; mass transit legislation; compensation, etc.]
[Highway Beautification; Congressional Action; Congressional Record; land use; energy; OSHA; daylight savings time]
[Energy; Senate Bill S. 344, Stafford's Bill; Highway Beautification; Highway Beautification Act funding; federal highway administration hearings]
[Donnelly vs. Mallar; highway beautification; San Diego litigation; national advisory committee on outdoor advertising and motorist information; highway beautification funding; proposed highway beautification act amendment S. 344]
[Highway beautification; cigarette advertising investigation; sixth legal/legislative forum; national advisory committee on outdoor advertising and motorist information; 77th convention; supreme court San Diego decision; OSHA reform]
[Highway beautification and deregulation; cigarette advertising; 5 year depreciation for outdoor advertising structures; booklet-The Supreme Court 1980 Term]
[Cigarette labeling and advertising legislation, HR 3979; HR 1824]
[Cigarette labeling and advertising legislation; highway beautification; coalition for scenic beauty; 5 year depreciation]
[Highway beautification]
[Highway beautification; tobacco legislation; anti-outdoor advertising amendment; highway reauthorization bill S. 387; senate committee assignments]
[Chronological Listing]
-Number 18, by Joint Highway Research Project- Purdue University, 1969
[Chronological Listing]
[Tax exemption; relocation assistance in Highway Project; traffic safety standards; lawsuit in Ohio; confidential-Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956]
[Correspondence with the Honorable Dan Rostenkowski, U.S. House of Representatives) (probably Vern Clark's files]
[Chronological Listing]
[435-Statement of OAAA before the Highway Beautification Commission;
436-Statement of OAAA Regarding Safety Factors Involved in Business Directional Signs on the Right-of-way;
437-Statement of OAAA before the Senate Subcommittee on Roads of the Senate Public Works Committee Relative to the Highway Act of 1973 (Feb.);
438-Statement of OAAA filed with the House Subcommittee on Transportation of the House Public Works Committee Relative to the Highway Act of 1973;
439-Statement of OAAA before the Senate Subcommittee on Roads of the Senate Public Works Committee Relative to the Highway Act of 1973 (Mar.)]
[Inside is handwritten Enfield, Clifton W.; 1706 Tilton Drive; Silver Spring, MD 20902. Letter from Committee on Public Works and Transportation on general policy of allocating funds to FHWA regions) (Index, Introduction (federal laws by years; national standards), Outdoor Advertising Control, Outdoor Advertising Acquisition, Junkyard Control and Acquisition, Course Problems, Notes]
[See also Box RG39]
[Billboards on public land; Federal Register, news clippings]
[Chronological Listing; see also Boxes RG39-RG40]
[Numbered 500-501; 500-Guide for Highway Beautification Impact Studies; 501-Economic Impact of the Highway Beautification Act]
[Guidelines for fuel economy advertising; pesticides; insulation; protein supplement; travel services industry; cheap pulp; nutritional rule and cigarette compliance; over the counter drugs; air conditioners; folder-unlabeled-truth in advertising; tobacco; games of chance in food advertising; folder-contains a significant Federal Register-Your Federal Trade Commission, 1971; ( Vern Clark's?)]
[HUD; news clippings; commentaries; correspondence]
[Slide presentation by Ross Barrett; OAAA Statement for seminar; street graphics; presentation by Gary E. Rhodes, attorney; land use planning; HUD slide presentation script]
[See also Box RG40]
[Report at the Twentieth Annual Meeting by The committee on Roadside Development-Highway Research Board]
[An appraisal of factors affecting present and future opportunities for commercial advertising on the interstate highway system]
[Spiral bound-The University of Akron Research Project: Comprehensive Evaluation of Highway Signs and billboard regulations]
[Booklet-by Louis C. Wagner, Professor of Marketing, University of Washington]
[See also Box RG40]
[correspondence from Odell Hathaway]
[Correspondence]
[See also Box RG40]
[ Akron Billboard Ordinance]
[See also Box RG40]
[Booklet-HR. 3510; Congressional Record; S. 984-Land Resource Planning Assistance Act; proposed amendments to pending Land Use bills HR. 3510 and S. 984; report to Vern Clark concerning Meeting of Interior and Insular Affairs-Land Use; statements- Robert W. Long, Assistant Secretary for Conservation, Research and Education, Governor Thomas P. Salmon, Vermont, Rogers C.B. Morton, Secretary of the Interior; Rep. Morris Udall's Land Use Bill, HR. 3510; testimony of Donald M. Pach, Pacific Legal Foundation; correspondence; Farm Bureau testimony; news clippings and reprints; summary of testimony; Chamber of Commerce of United States; Congressional Action newsletter; Washington Report; booklet-Energy Economy and Environment]
[List of commissioners on uniform state law; official text of uniform eminent domain code; model land development code of the American Law Institute; book-uniform sign code; booklet-In Support of Uniform sign code; directive from HUD re: compensation and relocation; Congressional Record-Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1969]
[See also Box RG40]
[ American Medical Association; booklet- Tobacco Advertising -Proposal to Defeat Current Legislation on Banning Tobacco Advertising; New York State Bar Association Resolution; folder by AAF on opposition to ban; list of all state delegates; Tombstone Advertising; American Bar Association]
[Federal register; House bill HR. 6288-construction of certain highways-urban; compensation for billboard removal]
[See also Box RG1]
[Including Preliminary Correspondence; accordion folder of Judge E. Allen Frost; resolution report-Public Policy of OAAA-Statement of...Voluntary Regulation and Legislative Program; report- Kleiser Plan-Revised Public Policy; report- Fisk Plan-Statement of the Proposed Public Policy with Relation to Roadside Business and Rural Beauty; Progress Report on Proposed Public Policy Relations Platform and Legislative Policy; Progress Report on Item Number 1 of 1932 Program Adopted at Annual meeting at Detroit; Model License Act]
[See also Box RG1]
[A bill for an Act to create a state-wide scenic highway system for the protection of the natural beauties of landscape; booklet-Control of Amenities: Regional Plan of New York; Tentative Plan for Preservation Natural Scenic Beauties]
[See also Box RG1]
[File of J.B. Stewart, Legal and Legislative Div.; Highway survey; Coca-Cola space; confidential letter; Mrs. Elizabeth B. Lawton; License and Permit Bill approved by OAAA at French Lick, Indiana (Annotated); Analysis of items suggested for inclusion in Rural Outdoor Advertising Legislation, with summary of police power]
[Contact Reports Concerning Educational Platform 1932; Poor Richard's Almanac 1920; article reprints- Ad Man Resents Slur on Craft, Outdoor Displays as Art Galleries 1920; Bulletin of the Municipal Art Society 1926; American Magazine of Art 1920 and 1926; journal articles 1920-1928; report- Pennell (mayor of New York) Calls Billboard Ads Crime Against Art 1920]
[Correspondence; new clippings; Pennsylvania Grange News; contact report]
[Article from Saturday Evening Post-The National Domain and the New Deal, 1933; Natural Scenic Beauties; contact reports]
[Correspondence; report and suggestions for remedial legislation; confidential letter to Wisconsin FWC; photos of group, mostly women; report on Inspection of Outdoor Advertising on Tennessee Highways; Wyoming legislation]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Program for Roadside Beauty Forum; general handwritten notes; correspondence; Bulletin of National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc. 1938 and 1942; legislative report on National Council of State Garden Clubs; flyer-Billboards Destroy Motoring Joy; NCSGC By-laws and procedure for the Organization of State Garden Club Federation 1929; NBOL (Natural Beauties of Landscape)]
[See also Box RG1]
[Booklet- American Nature Association Quarterly Bulletin; article reprint; copies of article; correspondence; Tentative Plan for the Preservation of the Natural Scenic Beauties; Lawton surveys made by Mr. and Mrs. W.L. Lawton]
[Modesty on billboards; wartime manpower; The Road Ahead, 1945; news-letter; legislative bulletin; national highway users; conference-Roadside Advertising Abuse 1925, 1945; Sixth International Road Congress, Washington, D.C., 1930; What about Country Highways, dated 1921; excerpts from Magic Motorways, 1949]
[File of Judge E. Allen Frost; Contact reports concerning Education Platform; Washington Conference; Quebec Bill No. 54-An act respecting signboard and posters; suggestions for Amenities Bill; report-Proposed Public Relation Platform and Legislative Policy of OAAA; glossary of terms; report on preparation of Educational Platform; steps for development of Public Relations Platform and Legislative Program; Federal Reporter-City of Cincinnati vs. Vester, Richards et al, Reakirt-condemnation of property; A Bill for an Act to Create a State-wide Scenic Highway System for the Protection of the Natural Beauties of Landscape]
[National Council for Protection of Roadside Beauty; contact reports; news clippings; Wood Poster Advertising Company; Booklets- Modern Outdoor Advertising-Its Policies and Practice, If Standardized Outdoor Advertising Did Not Exist; reference to GFWC booklet- Save the Beauty of America-The Landscape is No Place for Advertising-Are you Interested in Banishing Offensive Billboards from the American Landscape?; article- How to Sell Automobiles in Chicago ; General Federation News; Mrs. Max Lane]
[See also Box RG3]
[Congressman Jennings Randolph (W.Va.), Randolph Amendment to the Interregional Highway Bill, War Production Board, Highway Bill S. 21d05, small signs manufacturers; meetings]
[Roadside Business Association; legislative efforts, state legislation, by-laws, meetings]
[See also Boxes RG4-RG18]
[Extract from hearing; Finance Committee of U.S. Senate; H.R. 10720; news clippings; report on newspaper clippings; Special Bulletin re: Revenue Bill]
[U.S. Conf. and Referendum #180, etc.]
[U.S. Department of Transportation; hearing docket; lists]
[See also Boxes RG19-RG21]
[Cost schedules; panel compensation]
[See also Box RG21]
[Brochure- Outdoor Advertising Simplified 1929?; Civil Action no. 50 C 935-(Sherman Act); U.S. vs. Outdoor Advertising... 1950; pamphlet-economic fact...in Iowa 1931; Report of the Committee on Reorganization Plans 1946; recommendations for 1932 program-director's meeting 1931; Public Policy brochure 1933; Rain-Lap Posters brochure 1941; Sales Prospectus: Building Supply Trade 1928]
[See also Boxes RG21-RG23]
[Law Generally (correspondence; news clipping copy; study of cases made by Ruth Johnson; list of decisions pertaining to outdoor advertising); Alabama to Vermont]
[Persons owning land in view of state highway vs. state of New York]
[See also Boxes RG23-RG24]
[Fan letter; news clippings and copies; letter to editor against Inez Robb; possible libel action against Inez Robb]
[See also Box RG28]
[National Recreation Study; News reprints; booklet-Americans and the Outdoors by the President's commission on American Outdoors; White House announcement; proposed report outline and recommendations; issue of National Inhalers Association; draft of meeting agenda; staff report; proposed public hearings]
[ Alabama State-Local Businessmen's Organization; booklet-Markets after the War; Census of Business, Wholesale Trade; War-time advertising exhibits; photo; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce; Trade Association survey; confidential government report-census of manufacturers, 1935]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[Guidelines for commercial vitalization area of Birmingham; boulevard development area plans-preliminary layout plans; conspiracy between HUD and city planners]
[See also Box RG30]
[Reports by states of railroad, highway, industry, farming, mining, resorts, if contained in that state]
[See also Box RG33]
[See also Box RG34]
[See also Box RG34]
[ Land Use and Planning Assistance Act: Report of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs: United States Senate; Congressional Record; Special Report-Land Use Legislation]
[1974 book- Land Use Planning Act of 1974; congressional record; news reprint; position paper of OAAA with regard to HR 10294-Land Use Planning Act of 1974; Union Catalog books-HR 10295 and HR13790-Land Use Planning Assistance Act; correspondence; The Congressional Monitor; HR 16028-To Establish Land Use Policy; booklet- Proposed Municipals Land Use Law
[folder-1970-1972 article reprints; Statement of Chairman Train (Council on Environmental Quality) before Senate Interior Committee on S. 3354-National Land Use Policy Act of 1970; HR 7211-Public Land Policy Act of 1971; statement of National Association of Manufacturers on S. 632 and S. 992 before committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of Senate; Coastal Zone Management statement of position; news clippings-Senator Edmund S. Muskie and Senator Henry Jackson; booklet-Land Use and Planning Assistance Act of 1972]
[Bill of OAAA adopted at French Lick convention; analysis of items suggested by National Council for Protection of Roadside Beauty accompanied by Summary of Police Power and its Limitation]
[See also Box RG35]
The series collects reports on research relating to nearly every aspect of outdoor advertising, including attitudes toward billboards, campaign coverage, legibility studies, market surveys, and public opinion polls. There are also reports on market research methodologies, and data analysis. Many prominent research firms are represented here, including Axiom, Barney Link, Bruskin Associates, Daniel Starch, A.C. Nielsen, Simmons Market Research Bureau, and Wilbur Smith.
Arranged alphabetically. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A Listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box RS12]
[ Lawrence O. Holmes (plan of action to improve the outdoor industry image)]
[ John Paver- resolutions providing for proper method of determining adequate coverage of city or town...; suggested information pamphlet; progress report, etc.]
[Exhibits: Lexington, Kentucky; analysis of Poster Plant Member's Statement]
[Correspondence, poster remembrance and identification norms by sex and product classification, Highway Beautification Act of 1965]
[Correspondence with National Directors and State Secretaries (concerning Reasons Why brief)]
[Booklets- The Policy Method and Procedure for the Determination of Poster Advertising Coverage Allotments, Suggestions as to How to Check a Poster Showing plant, dated 1921]
[Equalization Procedure (memorandum for discussion, correspondence, graphs, charts)]
[A means to establish index of visibility, visual communication research-slide of legibility: Midnight Cowboy, copies of J.H. Prince articles, state of the art on legibility and target value of signs; signs, color and legibility; reports, booklet-Highway Research Record, 1973]
[See also Box RS12]
[Copy of a 1970 supplement to ANA's publication Magazine Circulation and Rate Trends ]
[Report on Outdoor Design KIIS: Presented to Wilton, Coombs and Colnett; 1970 Nov. 11: Los Angeles by Haug Associates]
[Media to Market for the State of Indiana: Confidential-Not for Publication]
[(Handwritten on inside cover -Cal State Survey--Bran Standings : Real Estate--Options : Turkey Export : Pre-testing--Field : -J&B; Analysis--LEC FTC : OAI : Magazine Readership L.A. -) (readership and correct identification; folders--Product Group Averages, Painted Display Norms, Product Group Averages)]
[ Koppel Post Cards (handwritten on folder--Castonian: Al Koppel Print: 5-4270; Hawthorne: 7-3151; Mr. Missan--Mr. Wolt) advertisement for novelty products--match books, figurines, post card, calendars, 1956; advertising postcards; prices list, correspondence]
[Census of industrial trade and transportation]
[ University of California; news clipping]
[A Study of Opinions on Billboards by John W. Stokes and Russell K. Shaffer (students at Harvard) (includes correspondence)]
[ Wilbur Smith study; brochures; PACE Monthly Reach and Frequency Evaluation of Poster Advertising]
[See also Boxes RS3-RS8]
[Passenger Cars, Trucks, Gas and Oil, Beer and Ale, Dog Food, Wine, Liquor, Cigarettes, Major Household Appliances, Public Utilities, Household Supplies, Miscellaneous]
The series includes files on the many state associations affiliated with the OAAA. Early in the 20th century, the OAAA instituted an umbrella organizational structure, whereby individual firms would be represented by state associations, which would in turn be linked nationally. Included here are the constitutions and by-laws of the state associations, along with correspondence and publications. Items also display the policy links between the national association and its state counterparts.
Arranged alphabetically by state. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[See also Box SA4]
[See also Box SA4]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Box SA4]
[Correspondence R.E. Stahlbrodt and By-laws, 1931-1932 president Outdoor Advertising Association of New York, 1962; member of Rochester Poster Advertising Company, Inc.]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[See also Boxes SA1-SA3]
The series includes files on the various trade organizations that served the outdoor industry at different times. Chief among them are the Institute of Outdoor Advertising (IOA), National Outdoor Advertising Bureau (NOAB), and Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (OAI, predecessor to the IOA). Researchers interested in those particular organizations will find extensive files; documentation of others is briefer. Information on other trade organizations may also be found in the Regulation, Research, and Physical Structure Series.
Arranged alphabetically by association name. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[See also Box TO11]
[Automobile businesses; OAI logotypes; Inside Outdoor newsletter; Edsel reprint; cover letters to Edith Simon; cover letters and ads for Fram, Esso, and Standard Oil]
[Beer, Food]
[Gas, Liquor, Miscellaneous, Automotive]
[See also Box TO1]
(Includes Poster Panel data, handwritten notes, etc.)
[See also Boxes TO2-T04]
The series provides a fairly extensive view of the organization and operation of TAB from its creation in the 1930s. Included are administrative files, correspondence, meeting minutes and conference proceedings, reports relating to highway safety, poster plant audits, procedure manuals, and local plant audits.
Arranged alphabetically. Letter size folders are followed by legal size folders in two runs.
See also the Outdoor Advertising Companies Series for TAB plant audit materials.
[NOTE: Some large materials have been removed to the Oversize Materials Series. A listing may be found at the end of this container list.]
[1- Principles for the Economic and Uniform Penetration of Markets by Poster Advertising by H.E. Fisk;
2-Letter to Dr. McClintock Regarding Gross Circulation, Exploitation Table for Unilluminated Panels. By Greeley;
3-Audit Services Fees Applicable for the Calendar Year. $0.35 for posters-also matter dealing with rental of Office Space on One Park Avenue New York, monthly rental $133.33. Relocation to Luok (?) Building on 42nd (sic) Street, N.Y.C.;
4-Memorandum To the Board of Directors of the Traffic Bureau Inc. Regarding Current Operations by Miller McClintock (auditor);
5-Minutes of a meeting of the Executive Committee, Board of Directors of TAB Inc. (Signed, Miller McClintock, Secretary Protem)]
[To Mr. Fulton-from Fisk, Kleiser, and Greeley (sic) Letter to Mr. Fisk from Kleiser, Greeley, Fulton (4 pieces of correspondence)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) (plant membership, net advertising circulation, procedures for handling agreements, first town audit)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) (statistical study, audit service fees, inventory of traffic audits-month variations, calculating tables)]
[(Signature stamped on folder-H.E. Fisk) (audit service fee application, rates, testimonials for TAB)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) (standard circulation values, minimum guaranteed Net Advertising Circulation, standard procedure for circulation evaluation, by-laws of TAB, consolidated statistical table)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) (Certified circulation for Outdoor Advertising-What it means to the buyer, monthly variation)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) (certificate of plant audit, monthly variations of traffic, audit schedule, policy of distribution of circulation data, by-laws, guaranteed NAC (Net Advertising Circulation formula)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) ( membership agreement, accounts receivable, index of audited plants, monthly recount study, circulation evaluation research resolution, relinquishing portion of compensation)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) ( voluntary operating procedure, comparison of traffic circulation, predicted wartime traffic by Miller McClintock with picture of McClintock, speech by Tom Nokes-Transient Advertising, wartime suspension of plant audits)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) ( Wartime suspension of audits, alternate war-time factor of 22, semi-annual report, mileage in rationed areas, office of wartime information)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) (confidential bulletin-civic planning and zoning programs, wartime coverage allotments)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk) ( Victor Pelz contract, semi-annual report)]
[(Signature stamped on folder- H.E. Fisk); questions of Association's future relations with TAB, excerpt of minutes of Board of Directors of OAAA meeting]
[Recommended policy]
[Minimum plant requirements, traffic quarterly, questionnaire, computation of wartime automotive and pedestrian multiplying factors, counting formula; increased dues, by-laws resolutions, formulation of TAB's program]
[Past and prospective auditing costs, financing, circulation values]
[Audit fees due, proposed committee for more plant auditing, audits in relation to coverage studies, TAB committees]
[Minutes and memos of meetings, impounded/confidential-prewar paint formula, measured circulation, questionnaire, rate tables, script for slide presentation]
[Confidential inter-office memo, reports, financial statements, letters at retirement of Victor H. Pelz, seemingly unrelated items stapled together]
[Papers (possibly files of Frank Cawl Jr.), speech of C.H. Wissner for OAAA Convention-re: Survival of TAB]
[Correspondence, Notre Dame, reports, H. Richard Blackwell, University of Michigan, IERI, adhesives in bonding transparent packages, Chapter 1-Bureau of Public Roads, Brand names in congressional debate and hearings, analysis of proposed national standards, retinal sensitivity and night visibility, resumes for optical researchers]
[ Traffic Safety: Public Service, 1955 (booklet- Let's Make Every Day a Safe Driving Day ; President Eisenhower's portrait 1956; correspondence; photos of Safety Conference; photos of billboards; news clippings-all parts of a display)]
[Photocopies of photos in folder. Original photographic images have been removed and placed in the Photographs and Negatives Series]
[ Sacramento Study; Fort Wayne Survey; Another Method of Measuring Poster Advertising Values by John Paver; Analysis of Audit Reports 1949-1958; article clipping]
[ Statistical Study of Circulation Characteristics of Poster Panel Plants by Miller McClintock; Replies (sic) giving (sic) to this study are from the following: George Kleister, W.F. Greeley, Mr. Fisk, E.R. Everett]
[Alternate title: A method of Making Short Traffic Counts and Estimating Traffic Circulation in Urban Area ]
[Research of the Barney Link Fellowship, University of Wisconsin: by Franz A. Aust and H.F. Janda, assisted by John R. Campbell and Robert S. Harridan]
[To Mr. H.E. Fisk from Mr. W.F. Greeley; (handwritten label on folder)-Supplement to Memorandum of Mar. 12th R.E. Status of Probable Audits for 1935 ]
[ The Principles Relating to Economical Coverage and Uniform Penetration of Markets by Poster Advertising by John Paver]
[A study made for the Board of Directors of TAB by John Paver, Miller McClintock (hand-written--3rd Draft--extra pages 1935 May 25)]
[Booklet- A Technique for Psychological Study of Poster Board Advertising and Some Preliminary Results, dated 1928; reports- Development of the Surroundings of Poster and Paint Locations, A Landscaping Guide for Outdoor Advertising Plant Owners ]
[ A Study of the Delimitation of Retail Trading Areas and their Coverage by Outdoor Advertising: A Confidential and Preliminary Report by John Paver, Erskine Research Fellow, Harvard University ]
[See also Boxes TB14-TB15]
[Rough draft script and charts for the story about traffic volume; letter from John Paver to members; state highway traffic counts; handwritten states chart; reprint- The Standardization of Data Showing Daily Population Movement into Central Business Districts ]
[Roadside occupancy and signs along inter-city highway in 21 (eastern states); a bibliography on traffic counting; brochure on traffic counter; correspondence on traffic counters; Engineering Department Catalog of materials and supplies, 1932; highway inventory charts; reprint- How to Determine the Size of a Survey Sample ; public policy highway inventory report; recapitulation of coverage principles; coverage from 1926-1955; reprint- The Program for Auditing Outdoor Advertising Plants During 1954-1959 ]
[Summary report by Russell Burnet, Harvard University, on Traffic and Trade Research]
[Historical file]
[ 1950 Oct. (charts)]
[Through May for 28 Metropolitan cities]
[Most from Budd Buszek, consultant to J. Brooks, TAB]
[ El Paso (map 1949) TAB summary records]
[North Carolina to Wyoming]
[Miscellaneous Material, correspondence, rough drafts, audience measurement standards committee]
[See also Boxes TB12-TB13]
Restrictions on Access: Original audiovisual materials and preservation masters are closed to research. See Use Copies for a listing of audiovisual materials available to researchers.
Note: Oversize materials are housed in three types of containers: Oversize Boxes, Large Oversize Boxes, and Oversize Folders.
[Letters, Bills, Invoices, Etc.]
[Includes income schedule; expenses]
[Contains use copies and original scrapbook. General Outdoor Advertising Company, Outdoor Advertising Plan]
[General OutdoorAdvertising Company, Outdoor Advertising Plan]
[General Outdoor Advertising Company, Outdoor Advertising Plan]
[Contains use copies and original scrapbook. General Outdoor Advertising Company, Outdoor Advertising Plan]
[An OAI-Philip Morris poster was relocated to Oversize Folder no. 17]
[Contains use copies and original scrapbook. General Outdoor Advertising Company, Outdoor Advertising Plan]
[Includes ROAD Database items AAA-0090, AAA0100, AAA4778, AAA4780, AAA4789, AAA5375, AAA7572]
[Facade Sketch]
[Contains use copies and original scrapbook]
[Note: A Poster was removed and placed in the Oversize Folder no. 22]
[Cover Marked: No. 50 assigned to H.E. Fisk, Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Chicago, Illinois. NOTE: Oversized materials placed in Oversize Folder no. 21]
[Published by the Outdoor Advertising Association of New York]
[Produced by General Outdoor Advertising Company; collection of historic electrical spectaculars dating from ca. 1914]
[Oversize materials also located in Oversize Folder no. 22]
[ National Guard Award, 1949]
[Portrait Drawing, undated (left to right: Thomas H.R. Varney (owner of Outdoor Plants in Los Angeles and Oakland, California; predecessor to Foster-Kleiser Ownership), George Kleiser, and Walter Foster)]
[Removed from Columbus Outdoor files]
[Includes materials from Hansen Advertising Companies]
[Supplement to: Procedure for Delivery of Equalized Coverage Showings, 1938 Nov. 11]
[Equalization Procedure (memorandum for discussion, correspondence, graphs, charts)]
[Certificate of Charter from OAAA]
[NOTE: 3 items removed to Oversize Folder 23 (see listing below); 2 items placed in Local Markets Series, box LM6]
Folder 1: Miscellaneous
Folder 2: Traffic flow maps: Aliquippa - Butler
Folder 3: Traffic flow maps: Carbondale - Corry
Folder 4: Traffic flow maps: Darby - Franklin
Folder 5: Traffic flow maps: Gettysburg - Johnstown
Folder 6: Traffic flow maps: Lancaster - Mt. Carmel
Folder 7: Traffic flow maps: Nanticoke - Punxatawny
Folder 8: Traffic flow maps: Reading - Sunbury
Folder 9: Traffic flow maps: Tamaqua - York
Folder 10: Traffic flow maps of the principal retail trading centers in Southern New Jersey
[Includes drawings and blueprints from similarly labeled file in regular size part of series. See this file for context]
[Use copies and original. Bound original is fragile, contains loose items.]
[ Urban markets and Retail Sales: A New Approach to Market Evaluation by John Brennan]
Folded sheets for 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 30-sheet posters and billboards. Many comprise incomplete sets. Where known, the artist is noted.
[Removed from the book New York State Traffic Data--Market Circulation--Outdoor Advertising, 1933]
[Removed from the book The Pennsylvania Market and Outdoor Advertising Circulation, 1933]
[Removed from the book The Pennsylvania Market and Outdoor Advertising Circulation, 1933]
[Removed from the book The Pennsylvania Market and Outdoor Advertising Circulation, 1933]
Historical Note
NOTE: Items in boldface indicate that materials relevant to these items may be found in the Collection.
| Date | Event(s) |
|---|---|
| 1850 | John Donnelly opened his outdoor advertising business in Boston. |
| 1867 | The first billboard spaces in the U.S. were leased. Leasing remains the standard practice for acquiring outdoor advertising space. |
| 1870 | Philip Tocker, onetime president of the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, (OAAA), considered 1870 the line between ancient and modern outdoor advertising. This was the year in which the web fed printing press was perfected, which made possible poster printing limited only by the size of paper stock available. Other technological developments that occurred around 1870 include stereotyping, paper-folding machines and a new lithographic halftone printing process. Lithography replaced woodcuts as the primary poster printing technique. |
| 1872 | The International Bill Posters' Association of North America was formed by a meeting of 11 bill posters in St. Louis, Mo., on August 27. They created a charter for the organization and elected their first president, John D. Walker. The initial charter set out the ethical standards of the organization: to regulate a uniform scale of posting prices, and to act as a watchdog against the malicious covering of bills. Their goal was to upgrade and establish uniform and fair policies for outdoor advertising. It was the first national advertising association in the U.S. |
| 1875 | Thomas Cusack, a sign painter, established his business in Chicago. The Thomas Cusack Company would become one of the prominent outdoor advertising businesses in the U.S. The first state billposting association was formed in Michigan. |
| 1877 | At the Association convention in Pittsburgh, Pa., the International Bill Posters' Association of North America resolved to organize state associations. Later that year Ohio bill posters formed a state-wide association, but remained independent from the national Association. In 1878, however, the Ohio Bill Posters' Association agreed to work in harmony with the International Bill Posters' Association of North America. |
| 1884 | After the annual meeting of the International Bill Posters' Association of North America in Philadelphia, the association declined, and by 1888 it had disbanded. B.W. Robbins started the American Billposting Company, the forerunner of the General Outdoor Advertising Company. |
| 1891 | The Associated Bill Posters Association of United States and Canada (ABPA) was established to promote greater national recognition and understanding of the organized poster medium. The ABPA's constitution was influenced by that of its predecessor, the International Bill Posters' Association of North America. Edward A. Stahlbrodt of Rochester, N.Y. was elected as the Association's first president. The following year ABPA would be incorporated. The ABPA went through a number of name changes, becoming the Associated Bill Posters and Distributors Association (ABPD), and then the Poster Advertising Association (PAA). The ABPA's inaugural meeting marked the first national convention of outdoor advertising professionals. During this period posters for theater revues and burlesque shows became increasingly lurid and provoked public criticisms of outdoor advertising in general. In response, around 1891 the national and state associations agreed to refuse to handle offensive paper, a trade slang term for posters and handbills. It was the earliest recorded censorship exercised by an advertising medium over copy in the U.S., and marked the beginning of a long practice of self-regulation in the outdoor industry. |
| 1894 | Barney Link and William Fay started the American Billposting Company of Brooklyn (not to be confused with the American Billposting Company that B.W. Robbins began in 1890). Soon after that, American Billposting of Brooklyn merged with the T.J. Murphy Company to form the Brooklyn Poster Advertising Company, later named the New York Billposting Company The R.C. Maxwell Co. began in Trenton, N.J., where it would service the Middle Atlantic states until its sale in 2000. |
| 1896 | The Associated Bill Posters Association (ABPA) first published its official organ, The Bill Poster - A Monthly Journal Devoted to Outdoor Advertising - You Stick to Me and I will Stick to You. The ABPA members began work toward establishing uniform structure standards. On January 8, the Inter-State Bill Poster Protective Association was incorporated under Illinois law. In June its name changed to the International Bill Posting Association (IBPA). It competed with the ABPA for members, although its chief constituency was in the Midwest and among small-town posters. |
| 1897 | The Associated Bill Posters Association changed its name to the Associated Bill Posters of United States and Canada, and incorporated under New York law with James F. O'Mealia as president. On May 10, the New York State Bill Posters' Association adopted a written policy of accountability to advertisers, whereby the posting company was required to maintain lists of all locations leased for the advertiser, and to maintain the posters in good order for the duration of the showing. It is believed that this was the first such policy drafted by a professional outdoor advertising organization. In August a new journal, Display Advertising, made its debut. Published by Edward A. Stahlbrodt, it was dedicated to the various media that make up display advertising. |
| 1898 | Display Advertising and The Bill Poster merged to form a single journal dedicated to all aspects of outdoor advertising, called The Bill Poster and Display Advertising. The first issue appeared in May. It was now the official organ of the Associated Bill Posters of United States and Canada. |
| 1898 | The International Bill Posting Association (IBPA) collapsed following a defection of key leadership, along with its Illinois membership, to the Illinois state association. The following year the surviving members of the IBPA shifted their focus from bill posting to distribution, and renamed the organization the International Distributors Association of United States and Canada. It adopted The Bill Poster and Display Advertising as its official organ of publication, making that journal the major trade publication covering the entire outdoor advertising industry. |
| 1899 | The Association of American Advertisers, predecessor to the Association of National Advertisers (ANA), was formed. |
| 1900 | Standardized billboard structures were developed, which could hold 3, 8 or 16 sheets. The standard sheet was 42 x 28 inches. The Associated Bill Posters' Protective Association was incorporated in New Jersey, the first national sales organization for the outdoor industry. Its membership was composed of bill posters from the 40 largest U.S. cities. It was designed to circumvent the entry of a capital combine (a corporation of financiers and investors who bought and sold companies on speculation, an early form of corporate raiders) into the area of outdoor advertising. At their 10th annual convention, the membership of the Associated Bill Posters of United States and Canada adopted an Obligation of Honor, by which each member agreed to uphold a common standard of billposting and distributing practice, and to treat each advertiser with complete impartiality. One of the consequences of the adoption of this code of ethics was that both membership lists and rate schedules came to be printed in The Billposter-Display Advertising periodical. |
| 1901 | Walter Foster and George Kleiser opened their advertising business, Foster & Kleiser (F & K), in Portland and Seattle. They incorporated in 1902. Foster & Kleiser became a major industry force for many decades, especially on the U.S. west coast, and actively promoted a number of innovations in outdoor advertising displays, such as national display standards, landscaping around billboard structures, and the larger 30-Sheet poster. |
| 1902 | On March 4, nine auto clubs met in Chicago to form the American Automobile Association (AAA).The AAA would become the primary lobby for motorists. The AAA had a long relationship with the outdoor advertising industry, occasionally as partners, frequently as adversaries, over such issues as traffic safety, scenic highway beautification and billboard regulation. In September, the first annual meeting of the Canadian Bill Posters and Distributors Association was held. Prior to that, the Canadian industry had been meeting as a chapter within the American group, the Associated Bill Posters of United States and Canada. J.M. Coe formed the Pensacola Advertising Company in Pensacola, Fla. Charles W. Lamar, Sr. would later take over the company and rename it the Lamar Advertising Company By the end of the 20th century, Lamar had grown to become one of the largest outdoor advertising companies in the U.S. The U.S. Government's Bureau of Public Roads was established, leading to the first federally funded roads. |
| 1904 | The short-lived International Advertising Association was formed in St. Louis. Meanwhile, advertising clubs on the west coast organized into the Pacific Coast Advertising Men's Association (later the Advertising Association of the West, or AAW), and on the east coast advertising clubs formed the National Federation of Advertising Clubs (later the Advertising Federation of America, or AFA). |
| 1905 | The Associated Advertising Clubs of America was formed in Chicago. Eleven New York City billposting firms were united into the Van Buren and New York Billposting Company. |
| 1906 | The Associated Bill Posters' of the United States and Canada, the Associated Bill Posters' Protective Association, the Billposter and Display Advertising Publishing Company, and the International Distributors Association all merged to form the Associated Bill Posters and Distributors of the United States and Canada (ABPD), which was incorporated under New York law. The Advertising Painters' League of America was organized. The Food and Drug Act was passed by Congress, which required manufacturers to list the ingredients of their products and mandated truth in advertising. |
| 1907 | Barney Link and associates purchased several Chicago-area poster companies, giving them control of virtually all outdoor advertising for 40 miles around Chicago. |
| 1909 | The members of the Advertising Painters' League of America voted to dissolve (in July), but soon reformed (in Sept.) as the Painted Display Sign Advertisers Association, the forerunner to the Painted Outdoor Advertising Association (POAA). Historically, the painted bulletin industry had been a distinct entity from the poster industry, with its own traditions, spaces and technologies. The Thomas Cusack Company located its corporate headquarters in Buffalo, N.Y. In the 1910s Cusack controlled nearly 20% of all outdoor advertising in the U.S. The Illinois Zoning Statute was enacted. No advertising structure was allowed within 500 feet of any public park or boulevard in any city with a population over 100,000. It was considered one of the first scenic area ordinances restricting advertising. Senate bill S1369 proposed a license tax on outdoor advertising. |
| 1910 | The Promotion Bureau of the Associated Bill Posters and Distributors of the United States and Canada issued the first Official Membership List. The Promotion Bureau was charged with promoting the wider use of billposting by the commercial sector, and with promoting the mutual interests shared by advertisers and bill posters. The membership list was arranged alphabetically by state, and showed every city and town where the Association's standard of quality and service was guaranteed. The first edition listed over 3,000 towns. The membership book also listed the rates that each member agency charged per sheet for a normal four-week showing, and the cost per thousand for broadside distribution. Finally, the book showed the rating grade assigned to each billposter (A = exceeds Association standards, B = meets standards, C = fails to meet standards). Generally, the higher rating meant that the billposter could charge higher rates for postings, which encouraged all bill posters to improve their quality of service. The Associated Bill Posters and Distributors of the United States and Canada organization adopted a number of other standardized practices in addition to the plant rating system. It established a licensing arrangement for official salesmen, giving the Association better control over the actions of salesmen. The Association also set national standards for outdoor advertising and established the numbers of panels sold in each market. For the first time, advertisers could evaluate and measure the effectiveness of outdoor advertising. The Association began to prescribe the number of locations necessary to give advertisers adequate, representative coverage in cities and towns in which their ads were displayed. George Kleiser began his campaign for national standardization of outdoor structures at the Painted Display Sign Advertisers Association. In August, the first issue of The Poster, the new official journal of the Associated Bill Posters and Distributors, appeared. It continued until 1930, when it was replaced by Advertising Outdoors. State and national associations adopted policies of equal treatment for all advertisers, and set minimum limits to the number of locations considered to be an adequate and equitable showing. The Class A poster structure standard was established. It featured steel-faced sections. The Association of National Advertisers was formed. |
| 1911 | Foster & Kleiser displayed the first individualized Class AA 10' x 25,' 24-sheet poster structure in America. The Advertising Federation of America (AFA) organized a national vigilance committee to raise the ethical standards in the advertising industry. As a result, the Truth in Advertising movement began in Boston. This organized movement contributed to the eventual formation of the Better Business Bureau. The Advertising Association of the West (AAW) joined the movement the following year, in 1912. The Painted Display Sign Advertisers Association changed its name to the Painted Display Advertising Association. |
| 1912 | The Associated Bill Posters and Distributors of the United States and Canada became the Poster Advertising Association, Inc. (PAA), reflecting concerns that the term billposter had taken on a negative connotation. By this time, the poster had largely replaced the advertising bill as the standard medium of outdoor advertising, and the name change also reflected a growing sentiment that the time of the advertising bill had passed, and the era of the poster had arrived. Its official publication was called simply Association News and continued until 1926. The period 1912-1915 was one of rapid improvements to the quality of poster structures, and these structures were modernized and improved. This period of investment saw a nearly immediate return, as national posting revenues increased over 500% in this period. The Association began its policy of rating poster plants and posting services, and compiled national lists of plants and services. The Poster Advertising Association began to measure circulation values offered in different cities, and created a national listing of space availability. An agency commission was standardized at 16 2/3 percent. In May, the Canadian Bill Posters and Distributor's Association changed its name to the Poster Advertising Association of Canada. The 24-sheet poster standard was adopted; the size was regulated at 8'8” high by 19'6” wide; 8-, 12-, and 16- sheet posters were also recognized as acceptable sizes; and a new standard sheet measured 28 x 41 inches. Sheet sizes had been standardized by lithographers and printers, and were adopted by the bill posting firms. Show bills and posters were typically 4 sheets high, and the variable widths were based on the number of sheets used. An 8-sheet poster was 4 sheets high by 2 sheets wide; a 16-sheet poster was 4 by 4; and so on. Standardized Class AA poster panel and Class AA posting service grades were adopted. |
| 1913 | The Poster Advertising Association established an Education Committee to encourage public service advertising donations and to secure public acceptance and approval of the outdoor medium. The Committee selected two posters (The Birth of Christ and The Life of General Grant) for their first public service campaign; they were displayed beginning in Dec. 1913 to widespread public acclaim and approval. The Association also switched from annual to semi-annual classification inspections for its member plants in order to encourage plant operators to improve their service. The biggest incentive was that operators who improved their services did not have to wait a year to receive a rating change. With the help of a noted art connoisseur, William V. O'Brian, the Poster Advertising Association began to approach poster advertising from the standpoint of artistic merit. This aesthetic approach would have long-lasting consequences for the outdoor advertising industry, as some of the most prominent artists of the modern era would be solicited and engaged in the production of images for the poster advertising industry. The explosion of creativity that ensued made American billboard art famous throughout the world. The National Advertising Commission was formed. It lasted until 1930. |
| 1914 | E.L. Ruddy of Toronto, Canada was elected president of the Poster Advertising Association. The International Advertising Association changed its name to the Associated Advertising Clubs of America, and then to the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World, to reflect the worldwide scope and span of organized outdoor advertising. It eventually formed part of the Advertising Federation of America (AFA). Frank Birch began the first organized 3-sheet poster sales organization, in Boston. The first exhibition of outdoor advertising art took place during the convention of the Associated Advertising Clubs of America, meeting in Toronto. The other watershed event that occurred at the Toronto convention was the adoption of the Code of Ethics and Standard of Practice for each medium in outdoor advertising, the first industry-wide systematic attempt at self-regulation. The Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) was formed. The ABC audited the circulation of newspapers and magazines, and served as the model for the outdoor industry's Traffic Audit Bureau (TAB), established in 1933. The Painted Display Advertising Association changed its name to the Painted Outdoor Advertising Association (POAA). The POAA would continue in existence until it merged with the Poster Advertising Association in 1925. |
| 1915 | By this time, industry-wide billboard structural design, display and blanking standards had been adopted. Class AA paneled poster structures came into use, which featured a distinctive green molding. The Poster Advertising Association membership, under fire from religious and civic leaders opposed to public displays that encouraged alcoholic beverage consumption, voted to no longer accept advertising for “spirituous liquors.” The decision was a milestone in the outdoor advertising industry's self-regulation efforts, and stood as an ethical practice until 1933. The National Outdoor Advertising Bureau, Incorporated (NOAB) was incorporated under New York law. NOAB was charged with the actual placing of outdoor advertising, a service it provided only to its members. From 1918-1925 NOAB used the Thomas Cusack Company as a clearinghouse for placing ads with individual firms; from 1925-1930 it used General Outdoor, and after 1930 NOAB reverted to its original practice of placing advertising directly with individual plant operators. NOAB was cooperatively owned by 200 of the largest outdoor advertising firms. It provided a wide range of standardized administrative services to member agencies, such as cost analysis, billing, production scheduling, accounting, etc. NOAB was initially incorporated to regularly inspect showings; its members, owners, and operators were the ad agencies. It conducted the outdoor advertising portion of business that advertising agencies had with their various clients. It contracted for out-of-home media, verified delivery and performed other service functions. The Bureau eventually controlled about three-quarters of the outdoor national advertising in America. |
| 1916 | The outdoor advertising industry volunteered to promote military service in support of the impending war effort. The Poster Advertising Company (PAC) was formed to solicit national outdoor advertising contracts. It functioned until its demise in 1925, as part of negotiations that led to the creation of the Outdoor Advertising Association of America. Functionally, the PAC was the forerunner of Outdoor Advertising Incorporated (OAI). In 1916, a representative national showing, or outdoor poster campaign, used 28,915 posters that reached over 81 million people, 2/3 of the population of the U.S. at the time. It cost an advertiser, on average, $281,447.36 to run a one-month national outdoor campaign. Nationwide, the combined plant facilities of the outdoor industry could accommodate 25 such showings at a time. The first outdoor advertising industry award was given for a billboard that promoted outdoor advertising. It depicted a waterfall, with copy that read Beauty, Power, Impressiveness, All Cardinal Qualities of Poster Advertising. The Landis Decree was handed down in U.S. vs. Associated Bill Posters and Distributors of U. S. and Canada. The ruling stated that the Association could not limit its membership to one member for each town and city, nor could it prohibit members from competing against one another within a single market. Furthermore, members could not combine to fix prices for poster displays. It was dismissed on appeal in 1922. |
| 1917 | By this time, the Poster Advertising Association membership represented over 7,500 cities and towns. The Poster Advertising Association's Legislative Committee was formed to work with the Law Committee, which was already in existence as part of the original association charter. The primary focus was to be the association's lobby in the legal and legislative arena, and to defend the industry against legislative attacks and discriminatory actions at the local, state, and national levels. At the suggestion of A.M. Briggs, a member of the Poster Advertising Company, the American Protective League was formed as a volunteer association under the direction of the U.S. Department of Justice. Dedicated to patriotic service in support of the nation's war effort, the League's appeal was widespread and immediate, and by the end of 1918 its rolls had swelled to over 260,000 members drawn from every sector of American business and professional life. One of the consequences of the Poster Advertising Company's leadership role in the League was to enhance the reputation of outdoor advertising with the American public and to instill a general appreciation of poster art and poster advertising. The Poster Advertising Association pledged its entire resources to support the U.S. effort during World War I. Key outdoor public service campaigns during the war included Liberty Loans, conservation of natural resources, and the Red Cross, as well as posters depicting patriotic themes. Adolph Treidler's poster Have You Bought Your Bond? was the first wartime poster sponsored by the U.S. government. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled, in St. Louis Poster Advertising Company vs. City of St. Louis, et al, that the Supreme Court of the State of Missouri erred in upholding the constitutionality of the St. Louis billboard regulation ordinances. The St. Louis ordinances were judged to violate constitutional rights to the use of private property. The War Revenue Act placed a tax on outdoor advertising. |
| 1918 | At the 28th National Convention held in Chicago, the Poster Advertising Association passed a resolution that led to the opening of a Washington, D.C. office, intended to increase the ties between the Association (and by extension, the outdoor advertising industry) and the national government. |
| 1920 | The Poster Advertising Association membership expanded to serve over 9,000 cities and towns in the U.S. Thomas Young opened a sign shop in Ogden, Utah. In the 1930s it expanded to become the Young Electric Sign Company (YESCO), and would go on to create some of the most important and memorable neon displays in Las Vegas, such as for the Sands Hotel. |
| 1923 | Foster & Kleiser developed the Pilaster Board. Commonly called lizzies, these poster panels were framed by classical-inspired sculptures, and fronted by a landscaped formal garden. Pilaster boards remained in use until the Depression. Elizabeth B. Lawton, a housewife, organized the National Roadside Council to combat the proliferation of roadside advertising. |
| 1924 | Elizabeth Lawton, now the Chairman of the National Committee for the Restriction of Outdoor Advertising, published a letter in the trade journal Printer's Ink that clarified the Committee's stand on outdoor advertising. The Committee, she wrote, objected to outdoor advertising only when it appeared outside of commercial areas. This idea of commercial areas as open zones of advertising and commercial speech, versus scenic areas closed to advertising, would be a dominant element in the billboard controversy for the next 50 years. The Barney Link Fellowship was established at the University of Wisconsin. The Fellowship sponsored pioneering research in the field of traffic circulation and analysis. |
| 1925 | The first 12' x 25' standard poster panels with three-foot green bottom lattice appeared. Dry-brush, non-wrinkle type posting techniques were in general use. The first Burma Shave series of signs was erected, by Allan G. Odell. Six signs were placed 100 feet apart along Minnesota highways 65 and 61. Eventually the Burma Shave advertisement series became one of the most famous and widely recognized outdoor campaigns in history. Burma Shave signs continued in use until 1963. The first major outdoor advertising industry merger took place when the Fulton Group and the Thomas Cusack Company combined to become the General Outdoor Advertising Company (GOA). Nearly two dozen poster advertising companies were involved in the merger. Kerwin Fulton was named its president. The merger gave General Outdoor a disproportionate voting power in the Poster Advertising Association. A member had one vote for every town with a population over 2,500 that the member represented, a policy that favored the larger advertising companies. The Poster Advertising Association, Inc. merged with Painted Outdoor Advertising Association to form the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc. (OAAA). The same merger brought about the demise of the Poster Advertising Company. Harry O'Mealia was elected as the first president of the newly consolidated organization. His father, Joseph, had been previously the president of Painted Outdoor Advertising Association. The merger brought more uniformity to billboard structures. Some state associations also changed their names to mirror the new national Association. |
| 1926 | The first convention of the new Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) was held in Atlanta, Ga. OAAA members now served over 15,000 cities and towns. The new organization continued the PAA's official publication, Association News as its official organ but changed its name to the Outdoor Advertising Association News. |
| 1927 | National outdoor advertising volume reached $50 million. The National Poster Art Alliance was established, linking the OAAA with poster art associations, lithographers, and local arts councils in the promotion of the poster as an art medium. The Tiffen Art Metal Company began producing all-steel poster panels and bulletin structures. Touted for its low-maintenance cost and weather resistance, steel panels eventually became an industry standard. |
| 1928 | National outdoor advertising volume dropped to $47 million, an indicator of hard times to come. A second antitrust case was brought against organized outdoor advertising. The so-called Mack Decree was handed down in U.S. vs. General Outdoor Advertising Company et al. The case came about after General Outdoor had grown to become the largest member within OAAA, capable of influencing Association policies in ways that eliminated General Outdoor's potential competitors. The Association's then-current practice of voting, one vote per market in lieu of one vote per member, gave General Outdoor a disproportionate voice within the Association. The suit was later dismissed when the national association (OAAA) agreed to voluntarily correct its membership policies, and institute a one member-one vote policy. The OAAA and the Executive committee of the General Federation of Women's Clubs held a joint committee meeting to discuss their differences regarding outdoor advertising and scenic beauty. |
| 1929 | National outdoor advertising volume fell to $43 million. Howard Johnson posted his first billboard--produced by the John Donnelly and Sons outdoor company near Boston--to promote his restaurant. Howard Johnson's chain of restaurants and motels became virtually synonymous with travel among American motorists and vacationers, according to cultural historians, in part because of Johnson's ubiquitous outdoor displays. The Barney Link Fellowship Committee conducted a county-wide survey of roadside advertising in Waukesha County, Wisc. This was the first systematic study of roadside advertising in the U.S. |
| 1930 | National outdoor advertising volume fell to $40 million in a depressed U.S. economy. The first Annual Exhibition of Outdoor Advertising Art was held in Chicago, sponsored by the Outdoor Advertising Committee of the Advertising Council of the Chicago Association of Commerce. In its first ten years, the exhibition received 3,650 submissions, and issued over 130 awards for designs that represented 77 different products or services in 42 different business sectors. The trade publication The Poster became Advertising Outdoors. The National Advertising Commission, established in 1913, dissolved. In the context of an overall reorganization program, which led to the creation of Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (OAI) in 1932, the OAAA Reorganization Committee recommended that the Association headquarters be moved from New York to Chicago. However, this move did not happen until 1947. The OAAA reorganization plan included a basic policy of self-regulation in order to protect and preserve natural beauty and scenic landscapes along the nation's highways. |
| 1931 | National outdoor advertising volume slipped to $22 million, less than half of the revenue figure of four years earlier. Poster plants shrunk to half of their pre-Depression levels, while incomes dropped as much as 75%. Throughout the Depression, however, there were no bankruptcies recorded among OAAA members. OAAA underwent a basic reorganization. The new organization was based around state associations, which set the standards for membership. Voting procedures changed to allow for one vote per member, as opposed to one vote per town. The national Association's primary task was to coordinate the activities of the several state associations, and to undertake activities in the national arena that would not be economical or practical for state associations. In addition, the national Association itself was reorganized into seven divisions: Business Development (sales promotion); Education (public relations); Legal (government legislation); Plant Development (surveys and research); Membership and Statistical (records); Finance and Budget (accounting); and a general Administration which coordinated among the divisions. At the previous year's (1930) annual convention, the OAAA membership adopted a resolution to preserve and protect the natural beauty of America's rural roadways. As one of the first steps undertaken in support of that resolution, the OAAA sponsored a Conference on Roadside Business and Natural Beauty that was held in Washington, D.C. in the spring of 1931. Attended by representatives from 33 national organizations along with those from the advertising and retail industries, the meeting resulted in a draft of a model law, A Bill for an Act to Create a Statewide Scenic Highway System. This law was instrumental in helping to create the system of scenic byways. |
| 1932 | Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (OAI) was formed as the sales and promotional arm of OAAA. Its basic mission was to sell the concept of outdoor advertising to advertisers. The effectiveness of OAI can be gauged in part by the revenue figures for the next few years: 1932 ($20m), 1933 ($18m), 1934 ($21m), 1935 ($28m), 1936 ($33.6m), 1937 ($39.3m), 1938 ($36.7m). The OAAA undertook a tentative plan program, which created proposals and model laws for regulating outdoor advertising in scenic areas. The tentative plan distinguished between commercial zones and scenic areas through the use of zoning laws, and proposed to limit advertising to commercial areas. Publication of the trade journal The Bill Poster was suspended. The Barney Link Fellowship at the University of Wisconsin published a research report on A Method of Making Short Traffic Counts and Estimating Traffic Circulation in Urban Areas. This groundbreaking report heightened interest in traffic research. The Association of National Advertisers (ANA), the OAAA, the National Outdoor Advertising Bureau (NOAB) and the American Association of Advertising Agencies (AAAA) co-sponsored research at Harvard to establish a scientific foundation for determining circulation evaluation, under the auspices of “Traffic and Trade Researches” at Harvard University. Directed by Miller McClintock and John Paver, the 112-city traffic count study demonstrated the practicality of the Barney Link Fellowship's short count formulas. |
| 1933 | The Association of National Advertisers (ANA), the OAAA, and the American Association of Advertising Agencies (AAAA) agreed to establish the Traffic Audit Bureau, Inc. (TAB), which was incorporated in 1934. The TAB's mission was to conduct traffic research and provide circulation data and evaluations for the advertising industry. TAB data is still widely used in marketing planning and advertising campaign strategies. An OAAA referendum voted to rescind a ban on alcoholic beverage advertising, which had been in place among members since 1915. The OAAA also adopted an official public policy of voluntary regulation by the advertising industry regarding natural beauty. It was intended as a pro-active measure to address the critics of the billboard blight. The OAAA dropped the term billboard and replaced it with the terms poster panel and painted bulletin. |
| 1934 | Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (OAI) published its first award book, 100 Best Posters. |
| 1938 | Transportation Displays, Inc. (TDI) was founded as a poster advertising medium to reach the commuter market. Ad-ver-tis-er, Inc. was formed to encourage the development of a "junior panel" format as a national medium. Junior panels were envisioned as a quarter the overall size, but proportionally the same as standard poster panels. Franchises were sold which offered sales help, selling manuals, statistical information, and other services. Junior panels eventually did become popular, primarily as an urban advertising medium. Sizes initially varied from 6- to 8-sheets. The Traffic Audit Bureau (TAB) developed a procedure for conducting nighttime traffic counts. General Outdoor developed the Streamliner bulletin structure. Streamliner panels featured Art Deco trim styling and included flexible sections for cutouts to customize ad copy, giving the panels a highly distinctive appearance. |
| 1939 | The OAAA reorganized its membership structure through the creation of Regional Zones. Originally there were 12 Regions represented by Regional Councils, but the number was reduced to 10 councils in 1946. |
| 1940 | The Women's Fact-Finding Roadside Association was formed with the aim of addressing the question of balancing roadside aesthetic with the rights of property owners. |
| 1941 | On Oct. 7, the OAAA, at its annual convention, issued a unanimous declaration of membership support of government policies in the event the U.S. went to war. On Dec. 15, after the U.S. had entered World War II, the Executive Committee of the OAAA Business Development Committee met in Chicago to discuss ways of engaging the outdoor advertising industry in promoting the War Objectives program. Traffic safety became a major concern. In 1941, the National Safety Council used billboards extensively to promote its Operation Safety campaign. A pilot campaign in Memphis, Tenn., contributed to a 57% drop in traffic fatalities in its first year. In California the campaign was credited with cutting traffic fatalities in Los Angeles in half during the period 1946-1949. By 1949 Operation Safety had been adopted by over 2,000 communities. The Outdoor Advertising Foundation at Notre Dame University was founded. Its function was to create a library for materials relating to advertising, to conduct research and to provide training for outdoor advertising professionals. |
| 1942 | The War Advertising Council was founded as a non-profit organization creating public service campaigns in all advertising media. The U.S. Office of War Information decided on the particular campaigns to be used to support the war effort and boost morale. Then, the War Advertising Council would prepare and execute the campaign, and ensure that the outdoor part of the campaign was distributed to plant operators. On June 1, the first poster supporting the war effort appeared. Perhaps the most famous of the Council's campaigns was Rosie the Riveter who became an icon of wartime support. Throughout the war years, the Council produced an estimated $350 million in free public service messages. After the war it was renamed the Advertising Council, which continues its public service campaign activities. The OAAA presented its first OBIE awards for excellence in outdoor advertising. The OBIE took its name from the Egyptian Obelisk, which many historians considered to be one of the earliest forms of outdoor advertising. The first accredited course in outdoor advertising in the U.S. was offered at Notre Dame University. The course allowed students with a major in marketing to pursue a concentration in outdoor advertising. The U.S. Supreme Court, in Valentine v. Chrestensen, ruled that the government's regulation of commercial speech was not limited by the First Amendment. The decision strengthened the government's ability to control advertising copy. |
| 1943 | At the annual OAAA convention, members unanimously reiterated their support for the war effort. The National Safety Congress (NSC) was formed to study postwar traffic safety. |
| 1944 | The National Safety Congress's Postwar Committee was renamed the National Committee for Traffic Safety, and relied heavily on outdoor advertising. Its safety awareness campaigns quickly became familiar sights in towns across the U.S. Outdoor advertising's Postwar Planning Board held its first meeting on February 18, to discuss the return to peacetime activities. Over the next several months the Board met on a number of issues. One of the main resolutions that came from these meetings was the recommendation to adopt a new standardized medium called the Junior Panel. The proposed Junior Panel standard specified a 6-sheet poster (1/4 the area of a standard 24-sheet poster) that was intended for point-of-purchase advertising at supermarkets and other urban retail establishments. Small-format posters of varying sizes had been promoted as "junior" panels for several years, and had become popular in urban areas where standard poster sizes proved impractical. The Postwar Planning Board hired the industrial design firm Raymond Loewy Associates to study billboard structures and devise a new design. |
| 1945 | National poster sales reach $45.5 million. Anti-billboard activist group, the National Roadside Council, grew to include 20 state Councils and over 80 cooperative associations among its members. |
| 1946 | The Raymond Loewy-designed poster panels were adopted as a new 24-sheet structure standard. The OAAA originally intended to adopt the Loewy panels as the official standard panel, but the cost of changeover and the scarcity of materials in postwar U.S. forced the OAAA to designate it as an official panel design, which was adopted at the 1946 annual convention. Loewy panels were painted light gray in contrast to the older billboards' dark green. There were no buttresses in back of the structure, and no lattice-work in the front. A Junior Panel poster standard was adopted by the OAAA. It was a 6 1/2 sheet sign with an outer dimension of 6'1" x 12', an inner dimension of 4'6" x 10'5", and a posting surface measuring 54” x 125". The School of Outdoor Advertising was established at Notre Dame University. Standard Outdoor was formed. It consisted of a network of 27 of the largest outdoor advertising firms, including Donnelly (Boston), Packer (Cleveland), United (Newark), and Walker (Detroit). The OAAA was subpoenaed to appear before a Federal District Court grand jury, in relation to a complaint about restriction of competition. |
| 1947 | The OAAA relocated its headquarters to Chicago, at 24 Erie St. The first billboards appeared using Scotchlite™, a reflective substance developed by the 3M Corporation for use on road signs. Scotchlite greatly increased nighttime visibility for outdoor advertising. Father Peyton Patrick, an Irish immigrant, founded the Family Theatre, a Catholic faith-based multi-media public service program. Currently in its 56th year, it is one of the longest-running public service campaigns in the world. Family Theatre has sponsored over 600 radio and 70 television programs totaling over 10,000 broadcasts. Its outdoor campaign, which began in 1948, has appeared on over 100,000 billboards; an outdoor advertising industry study has estimated that the billboards have been seen over 400 million times. The campaign is responsible for such memorable slogans as The Family That Prays Together Stays Together,Keep Christ in Christmas, and A World at Prayer is a World at Peace. |
| 1948 | An OAAA initiative, Voluntary Cooperative Program, was established. Its aim was to work with the traditional critics of outdoor advertising--women's clubs, garden clubs, government planners, etc.--to promote higher standards of operation and maintenance among plant operators, while also promoting the economic benefits of outdoor advertising. |
| 1949 | Loewy poster panel designs were modified to include lighter stainless steel moldings, replacing porcelain enamel materials. The OAAA Public Policy Committee passed a resolution requiring poster panels to be occupied at all times, and recommended that public service ads be used to fill open panel spaces. |
| 1950-1960 | Billboards began utilizing cutouts that extended beyond the billboard itself. Full-bleed posters (no white border around the poster) were developed, which allowed billboards to be created using segmented panels that could be painted in the shop instead of on-site, and could then be reused in several showings. Three dimensional effects first appeared on billboards. Research conducted by both the Harvard Medical School and Iowa State College suggested that roadside signs may relieve highway hypnosis. The Young Electric Sign Company (YESCO) became one of the chief architects of the illuminated strip in Las Vegas. |
| 1950 | Tiffin Art Metal Company, one of the largest suppliers of the standard outdoor poster industry, introduced a 6-sheet junior panel to encourage a standard poster. The Junior Panel Outdoor Advertising Association was formed to promote and develop this new medium. National poster sales reached $85.5 million. The U.S. Justice Department filed suit against the OAAA and 46 state Associations, charging them with price-fixing and discriminating against potential Association members through the use of their Minimum Poster Plant Requirements. The U.S. Justice Department filed suit against the General Outdoor Advertising Company on anti-trust charges, claiming that General operated a monopoly in 1500 cities. |
| 1952 | The OAAA received a judgment in the federal antitrust suit, which forced the organization to clarify and/or alter several practices concerning Association membership requirements and competition between its members. |
| 1953 | Wilbur Smith and Associates launched a series of reach and frequency findings for car-owning households that basically substantiated earlier studies. These studies were underwritten by the OAAA. |
| 1954 | General Outdoor produced the first animated cutouts, on a billboard for Peter Pan brand bread. |
| 1955 | National poster sales reached $114.5 million. U.S. Senator Richard Neuberger (D.-Ore.) introduced a provision into the Highway Act, calling for a total ban on outdoor advertising along the proposed Interstate Highway system. The Interstate system had been mandated by Congress in the 1944 highway bill, but the details of construction, funding and regulation were still being debated in Congress a decade later. Neuberger's amendment was defeated during floor debate, but the Neuberger proposal marked the first major legislative attack on outdoor advertising at the federal level. |
| 1956 | New slimline fluorescent lighting devices were tested and adopted for poster panels. The 30-sheet poster format became popular. The Federal Highway Act was passed by Congress, creating the Interstate Highway system. |
| 1958 | The Federal Aid Highway Act was passed. Commonly called the Bonus Act, the law created a bonus system of incentives for states to comply with federal regulations on outdoor advertising along primary roadways. The bonus was a way of circumventing states-rights arguments against regulated outdoor advertising. The U.S. Commerce Department published its National Standards, which regulated billboards along federally funded highways. The OAAA commissioned Jack Prince, a professor of ophthalmology at Ohio State University, to study the visual dynamics of outdoor advertising, resulting in the first legibility studies of ad copy. |
| 1960-1970 | OAAA members now represented over 90 percent of the outdoor advertising firms in the U.S. A highlight of this decade was the return to popularity of the single-sheet (28"x42") poster, used to publicize pop culture events like rock concerts and political rallies. |
| 1960 | The first International Congress of Outdoor Advertising was held in Toronto, Canada. OAAA proposed a nationwide regulatory act to protect scenic areas, and to require license permits and bonds in order to ensure responsible operation. The proposal was modified in 1964 as a proposal for a Model Highway Scenic Area Act. National poster sales reached $120 million. The OAAA created the Women's Division. The first newsletter of the Outdoor Advertising Women of America stated that it was felt the industry should be more adequately interpreted from the women's point of view. By 1960, nationwide there were nearly 10,000 women associated with the advertising industry, either advertising professionals or the wives and family members of plant operators. They were soon joined by women professionals in the Roadside Business Association and from the motel industry. The A.C. Nielsen research company produced the first nationwide study of advertising reach and frequency. |
| 1961 | Single post unitized construction of poster panels began. Prefabricated panels were created in poster plant shops and transported to the display, where they were hoisted into place by boom trucks. The first mobile advertising panels were used. Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (OAI) produced its Testa awareness test project. The campaign consisted of billboards announcing a new automobile, the fictional Testa car, followed by a series of recall studies around the poster showings. The project highlighted the ability of outdoor advertising to create audience awareness of new products in a relatively brief exposure period. |
| 1962 | Some Foster & Kleiser territories were sold to Karl Eller, who formed the Eller Outdoor Advertising Company |
| 1963 | Howard Johnson's became the first advertiser to receive the OAAA's newly established Achievement Award, for the chain's outstanding service to the American motoring public. By the 1960s Howard Johnson's had become the biggest advertiser in the restaurant industry, having grown to over 600 restaurants and 153 motor lodges in the U.S., which were advertised using over 2,200 painted bulletins and posters. Howard Johnson's reached a level of recognition that made the chain synonymous with travel. Research conducted in the 1960s revealed that Howard Johnson signs produced over 80% recall and remembrance. New York State Highway Department officials tore down 53 billboards along the New York State Thruway. The billboards were allegedly illegally erected inside the 660 ft. right-of-way limit. The OAAA threatened to sue for damages on behalf of the billboard operators. The action set off a national debate over billboards along the Federal Highway system. The research firm of Madigan-Hyland, in a study of the New York Thruway system, found that there were three times as many accidents in billboard zones as in billboard-free zones along the Thruway. The controversial study increased the friction between proponents and opponents of outdoor advertising, and was influential in helping to shape the legislative developments leading to the 1965 Highway Beautification Act. |
| 1964 | The United Advertising Corp. (Newark, N.J.) introduced Tandem Rotary panels. The panels measured 15' high by 55' long with a 5'x15' cut-out illustration connecting the 2 panels. The OAAA prepared a Model Highway Scenic Area Act proposal, providing for the establishment of scenic areas by law, and regulating and restricting placement of all signs therein. A later proposal that year called for overall regulation. Metromedia, after purchasing Foster & Kleiser, and General Outdoor's Chicago and New York plants, became the largest outdoor advertising operator in the U.S. Metromedia withdrew its membership from Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (OAI). The Metropolitan Outdoor Network, Inc. (MONI) was formed to promote outdoor sales in the 50 largest U.S. outdoor markets. This organization forced OAI to concentrate on the 300 smaller markets, and small market sales, effectively crippling the viability of OAI. An OAAA Study Committee, responding to these changes in the general outdoor industry's business environment, proposed that OAI become the direct sales arm of the OAAA, while the concept-selling and research services of OAI were to be spun off into a separate organization. The following year, however, the Committee recommended the dissolution of Outdoor Advertising, Inc., in that it had arrived at a point where it was a direct selling organization representing too small a segment of the medium. A.C. Nielsen produced the first research study that compared and correlated outdoor and television campaigns. |
| 1965 | The Outdoor Advertising Institute was created as an autonomous, non-profit organization. It provided an industry-wide, total medium program of research and information services intended to better align outdoor with other advertising media. Its structure was styled after similar organizations that served other advertising media, such as the Bureau of Advertising (newspapers) and the Radio Advertising Bureau. Within a month of its formation, the Institute changed its name to the Institute of Outdoor Advertising (IOA) to avoid acronym confusion with its predecessor, Outdoor Advertising, Inc. The IOA coordinated research for the industry including national reach and frequency figures, new copy pre-testing methods, and other statistics. The Highway Beautification Act was passed by Congress. It sought to limit billboards to commercial zones, and away from areas designated as scenic areas. Billboards were strictly regulated along the Interstate and other federally-funded primary highways. Federal laws mandated state regulation of billboard size, lighting and spacing standards. National poster sales reached $215 million. The White House Conference on Natural Beauty was held. Metromedia's Foster & Kleiser division commissioned the first aerial photographic study of traffic volume and circulation, in the Los Angeles area. |
| 1966 | The Alfred Politz Company conducted its groundbreaking nationwide advertising awareness study. |
| 1967 | The Advertising Federation of America (AFA) and the Advertising Association of the West (AAW) merged to form the American Advertising Federation (AAF). The OAAA Chicago headquarters property, at 24 Erie St., was sold. The OAAA maintained offices in New York and Washington, D.C. The research firm of Arthur D. Little, Inc. published its report A Study of Human Response to the Visual Environment in Urban Areas. The study, commissioned by the OAAA to develop scientific methods to study human responses to the man-made environment, was one of the first systematic efforts to move beyond anecdotal complaints and assumptions about outdoor advertising. |
| 1968 | TAB began a three year reorganization program. Budd Buszek, formerly with the advertising agency BBDO, became TAB's Managing Director. |
| 1970 | The Highway Beautification Act of 1968 was funded by Congress, forcing states to enact compliance laws regarding the spacing, size and lighting of outdoor advertising structures in the vicinity of federally funded primary and Interstate highways. Congress amended the Highway Beautification Act, creating the Urban System which sought to regulate the visual environment in urban areas. |
| 1971 | The Institute of Outdoor Advertising (IOA) merged with the OAAA to become a division within the OAAA overall structure. The IOA retained its name and basic function, but the merger was intended to streamline the lines of communication between the IOA and the Association membership. Land use lawyers Daniel Mandelker and William Ewald published their report, Street Graphics: A Concept and a System, a model municipal sign ordinance program. The controversial report touched off widespread debate among both outdoor advertising and city planning professionals, and contributed to a general rethinking of the problems connected to the urban visual landscape. |
| 1972 | Tobacco advertising was banned from broadcast media. Outdoor then became one of the most popular venues for tobacco advertising. As part of a broad reorganization plan, the OAAA divided some of the functions of the IOA and created the OAAA Marketing Division. A major revision to the Federal Highway Act failed to pass Congress, due to a lack of quorum present on the last day of the Congressional session. |
| 1975 | The Institute of Outdoor Advertising (IOA) launched a campaign to test the effectiveness of billboard advertising, using the image of newly crowned Miss America, Shirley Cothran. Her name recognition soared after the campaign. The Traffic Audit Bureau (TAB) hired the firm E.J. Sharsky & Associates to re-evaluate its traffic estimating procedures. It was the first complete review of TAB procedures since its inception in 1934. The findings were published in the book Counting Cars in 1979. |
| 1982 | The National Outdoor Advertising Bureau (NOAB) dissolved. The Institute of Outdoor Advertising (IOA) conducted a $2.5 million, 60-day, multiple-site market study test for the Clark Candy Company The test, which covered eight market sites around the U.S., was considered to be the largest recall/recognition study of outdoor advertising for a single product up to that time. |
| 1983 | The U.S. Supreme Court, in Metromedia v. City of San Diego, ruled that the San Diego, Calif., anti-billboard ordinances were unconstitutional limitations on free speech. |
| 1984 | The first video billboard went on display in Kansas City (June 14). It was a joint collaboration between the Gannett Outdoor Company, Sony Communications and Video Masters, Inc. |
| 1986 | OAAA's Board of Directors voted to separate the OAAA and IOA into two distinct organizations, so each could re-evaluate its purpose and examine how it could better serve the Association membership. Metromedia sold its Foster & Kleiser division to the Patrick Media Group. |
| 1990 | Revenue for outdoor advertising reached $1.5 billion; the outdoor industry donated over $140 million in advertising to charitable causes |
Subject Headings
- A.C. Nielsen Company.
- Advertising--Automobiles--United States--Case studies.
- Advertising Council.
- Advertising Federation of America.
- Advertising laws.
- Advertising, Outdoor--Canada.
- Advertising, Outdoor--England.
- Advertising, Outdoor--Law and legislation--United States.
- Advertising, Outdoor--United States--History--20th century.
- American Advertising Federation.
- American Association of Advertising Agencies.
- American Automobile Association.
- Associated Advertising Clubs of America.
- Associated Bill Posters' Association.
- Association of National Advertisers.
- Billboards.
- Bruskin Associates.
- Cawl, Frank.
- Columbus Outdoor.
- Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933.
- Daniel Starch and Staff.
- Energy policy--United States.
- Ford Motor Company.
- Foster and Kleiser Company.
- General Federation of Women's Clubs.
- General Outdoor Advertising Co.
- Ghaster, Karl.
- Highway law--United States.
- Holan, Walter.
- Institute of Outdoor Advertising.
- International Bill Posters'Association of North America.
- International Congress of Outdoor Advertising.
- John Donnelly & Sons.
- Kellogg Company.
- Lawton, Elizabeth.
- Morton Salt Company.
- National Outdoor Advertising Bureau.
- National Safety Council.
- Negatives.
- New England Confectionery Company.
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America.
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America--Barney Link Fellowship Committee.
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America--Buildings.
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America--Chairman's Advisory Committee.
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America--Membership.
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America--Organization.
- Outdoor Advertising Association of America--Research.
- Outdoor Advertising, Inc.
- Painted Outdoor Advertising Association.
- Photographs.
- Poster Advertising Association.
- The Poster (Serial).
- Raymond Loewy Associates.
- R. C. Maxwell.
- Simmons Market Research Bureau.
- Slides.
- Swift & Company.
- Thomas Cusack Company.
- Tiffen Art Metal Company.
- Traffic Audit Bureau (New York, N.Y.).
- Traffic safety--United States.
- United Advertising.
- University of Notre Dame.
- War Advertising Council.
- Wilbur Smith and Associates.
- Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924.
- World War, 1939-1945--United States--Propaganda.
- John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History.
Related Material
Closely related collections in the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library include the John Brennan Papers, the John Browning Papers, the Duplex Advertising Co. Records, the War Effort Mobilization Campaign Poster Collection, the Outdoor Advertising Association of America Poster Design Collection, the Outdoor Advertising Association of America Slide Library, the Garrett Orr Papers, the John Paver Papers, the R.C. Maxwell Company Records, the Howard Scott Papers, and the Strobridge Lithography Company Photographs.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) Archives, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.
Provenance
The Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) Archives was received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library as a transfer in 1996.
Processing Information
Processing of this collection was supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Processed by: Richelle Bartlett, Alicia Cave, Lisa Chandek-Stark, Richard Collier, Ginny Daley, Lynn Eaton, Meagan Guerzon, Bari Helms, Berta Matos, Mike Mattie, Po Chin Tan, Lucile Wood.
Completed June 7, 2003
Encoded by Richard Collier, Lynn Eaton, Sarah Van Kirk
This finding aid is NCEAD compliant.
The Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) Archives arrived at Duke in various accessions from both OAAA and from Fairleigh Dickinson University, where a portion of the archives was originally housed. An initial container list was created by Technical Services staff, covering the largest accession. The over 200 boxes were not internally well-organized, with files that fell within the same subject area scattered across a number of boxes. The initial container list was used to pre-organize the boxes for intellectual arrangement, according to subject areas. These subject areas are reflected in the series names listed below, which were created at Duke in order to group related materials together.
The contents of folders were for the most part kept intact and were tranferred to acid free folders within acid-free boxes. The information that was included in the initial container list was kept with the original folder. That information is included in the container list and is demarcated by brackets. Some inconsistency between the information in brackets and the contents of the folder may exist since it is possible that some items were removed from the folder if they belonged in a more appropriate place.
The series are organized alphabetically, with the Oversize Series listed at the end. In general, material within each series is further separated into smaller subseries headings, and organized alphabetically. However, where materials reflected events that occurred with periodic regularity (such as meeting minutes) or reflected a progressive development over time (such as legislative or legal issues), a chronological ordering was used for better context.
Furthermore, within each series the information on one topic may be divided between letter- and legal-size groupings, and each box number also indicates the box size. Oversize items from each series have been removed, placed in and listed in the Oversize Series.

