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<eadid countrycode="us" mainagencycode="ndd" publicid="-//David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library//TEXT (US::ndd::Popsicle Advertising Campaign Collection, 1951-1958 and undated)//EN" url="http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/popsicleadvertisingcampaign/">popsicleadvertisingcampaign</eadid>
<filedesc>
	<titlestmt>
		<titleproper>Inventory of the Popsicle Advertising Campaign Collection,
		<date normal="1951/1958">1951-1958 and undated</date>
	</titleproper>
		<author>Processed by: Jessica Wood; machine-readable finding aid created by: Jessica Wood</author>
</titlestmt>

	<publicationstmt>

		<publisher>The John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising &amp; Marketing History<lb/>David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library
<lb/> Duke University <lb/> Durham, N.C., USA </publisher>
		<p><date normal="2008" encodinganalog="date"> 2008</date> Duke University. All Rights Reserved.</p>
	</publicationstmt>

	<notestmt>
	<note><p>Aleph Number: <num type="aleph">003927230</num></p></note></notestmt>
</filedesc>

<profiledesc>
	<creation>Machine-readable finding aid derived from XML authoring program.<lb/>
		<date>Date of source: November 2008</date><lb/>Processed by Jessica Wood, November 2008; Finding Aid encoded by Jessica Wood, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, <date>November 2008</date>


	</creation>
	<langusage>Description is in
		<language langcode="eng">English</language>
	</langusage>

	<descrules>Finding aid was prepared using
		  <title>DACS</title> and our local
		  <title>Style Guide</title></descrules>

</profiledesc>
<!-- Location of <revisiondesc> if needed -->
</eadheader>
<frontmatter>
<titlepage>
<titleproper>Inventory of the Popsicle Advertising Campaign Collection, <date type="span">1951-1958 and undated</date>
</titleproper>
<publisher>The John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising &amp; Marketing History<lb/>David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library <lb/>Duke
		  University <lb/> Durham, North Carolina 27708-0185 USA </publisher>

<p><date normal="2008"> 2008</date> Duke University. All Rights Reserved.</p>
</titlepage>
</frontmatter>

<archdesc level="collection" relatedencoding="MARC">
<did>
<head>Descriptive Summary</head>
<repository label="Repository">
<corpname>David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library, Duke
			 University</corpname></repository>
<origination label="Creator"><corpname encodinganalog="110">Popsicle brand.</corpname></origination>
<unittitle label="Title" encodinganalog="245">Popsicle Advertising Campaign Collection, <unitdate normal="1951/1958" type="inclusive">1951-1958 and undated</unitdate>
</unittitle>

<langmaterial label="Language of Material" encodinganalog="546">Material in<language langcode="Eng"> English</language>
</langmaterial>

<physdesc label="Extent">

<extent unit="linear feet" encodinganalog="300">5.8 Linear Feet</extent><lb/>
<extent unit="items">210 Items</extent>
</physdesc>

<physloc label="Location">For current information on the location of
	 	  these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.</physloc>
<abstract label="Abstract" encodinganalog="545">The Popsicle was patented in 1923 by Frank Epperson, and sold to the Joe Lowe Company in 1925.
</abstract>

<abstract encodinganalog="520">Collection contains large and small format printed poster advertisements of Popsicle brand's line of frozen dessert products between 1951 and 1958, and documents Popsicle's marketing efforts during the last decade that the brand was owned by the Joe Lowe Company, prior to its purchase by Consolidated Foods (the brand is currently owned by Unilever). The posters depict promotional tie-ins with circuses as well as the Walt Disney Company; coupon offers; gift incentives for saving product wrappers; contests; and efforts to target children as consumers. Also includes memoranda sent to Popsicle salesmen during 1957-1958.</abstract>
</did>

<descgrp type="admininfo">
<head>Administrative Information</head>

<accessrestrict encodinganalog="506">
<head>Access Restrictions</head><p>Collection is open for research.</p>
<p>However, collection may contain materials to which the Acknowledgment of Legal Responsibilities and Privacy Rights form applies. Patrons must sign this form before using this collection.</p>
<p>Also, all or portions of this collection may be housed off-site in Duke University's Library Service Center. Consequently, there may be a 24-hour delay in obtaining these materials.</p>
<p>Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library to use this collection.</p>
</accessrestrict>

<userestrict encodinganalog="540">
<head>Copyright Notice</head>
<p>The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University. For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library.</p>
</userestrict>

<prefercite><head>Preferred Citation</head><p>[Identification of item], Popsicle Advertising Campaign Collection, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University.</p></prefercite>
<acqinfo encodinganalog="541">
<head>Provenance</head>
<p>The Popsicle Advertising Campaign Collection were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library as a purchase in October 2008.
</p>
</acqinfo>


<processinfo>
<head>Processing Information</head>
<p>Processed by Jessica Wood, November 2008</p>
<p>Encoded by Jessica Wood, November 2008</p>
<p>Accession 2008-0027 is described in this finding aid.
</p>
<p>Descriptive sources and standards used to create this inventory: <title render="italic">DACS,</title> EAD, NCEAD guidelines, and our local <title render="italic">Style Guide.</title></p>
<p>This finding aid is NCEAD compliant.</p>
</processinfo>
</descgrp>

<bioghist>
<head>Historical Note</head>

<p>The Popsicle was invented by accident when, at age 11, <persname>Frank Epperson</persname> left a cup of soda water with stirring stick outdoors during freezing temperatures. In adulthood, Epperson sold his frozen invention at fairs, and initially called it the <emph render="doublequote">Epsicle.</emph> His children referred it <emph render="doublequote">Pop's sicle</emph> and the product's name was subsequently changed to <emph render="doublequote">Popsicle</emph>.</p>
<p>In 1923, Epperson applied for a patent for <emph render="doublequote">frozen ice on a stick.</emph> In 1925, he sold the rights to his invention to the <corpname>Joe Lowe Company</corpname> of New York. At this point, the Lowe Company entered into an agreement with the <corpname>Good Humor Company</corpname> not to use either milk-based recipes, or rectangular designs, in order to minimize product competition. In 1932 the Good Humor Company sued Joe Lowe and Popsicle for infringing on this agreement, noting that Popsicle products had begun to encroach upon Good Humor's products in the shapes and amount of milk used.</p>
<p>Originally, popsicles were offered in seven different flavors. The <emph render="doublequote">twin</emph> Popsicle was invented during the Great Depression, an era in which the product's sales increased. During the 1950s, as freezers became more common in suburban households, the Popsicle multipack started to be sold in supermarkets.  In 1965, Popsicle was purchased by <corpname>Consolidated Foods Corporation</corpname> and again in 1986 by the <corpname>Gold Bond Ice Cream Company</corpname> of Green Bay, Wisconsin. In 1989 <corpname>Unilever</corpname> acquired <corpname>Gold Bond</corpname>, which owned both <corpname>Breyers</corpname> and <corpname>Good Humor</corpname> brands along with Popsicle; Unilever's ice cream division became known as <corpname>Gold Bond-Good Humor</corpname>. In 1993, this name changed to <corpname>Good Humor-Breyers</corpname>.
</p>
<p>Sources: <extref href="http://www.icecreamusa.com/popsicle/history/">Unilever's  Popsicle history page</extref>; </p>
<p><extref href="http://prairiemoon.biz/hiofpoli.html">Prairie Moon Company's page of   Popsicle history links</extref></p>

</bioghist><!--end of finding aid header-->

<!-- Use "Bioghist Tags" clip here for Bio/Hist information. -->
<scopecontent>
<head>Collection Overview</head>

<p>Collection contains large and small format printed poster advertisements of Popsicle brand's line of frozen dessert products between 1951 and 1958, and documents Popsicle's marketing efforts during the last decade that the brand was owned by the Joe Lowe Company, prior to its purchase by Consolidated Foods (the brand is currently owned by Unilever). The posters depict promotional tie-ins with circuses as well as the Walt Disney Company; coupon offers; gift incentives for saving product wrappers; contests; and efforts to target children as consumers. Also includes memoranda sent to Popsicle salesmen during 1957-1958.</p>

<arrangement>
<p>The collection is organized into two series, <emph render="bold">Memoranda </emph>and <emph render="bold">Posters</emph>. The <emph render="bold">Memoranda</emph> series includes materials related to <emph render="doublequote">Selling Bee</emph> salesmen incentive program, as well as schedules for publication of advertisements in U.S. newspapers. Some memos comment on the importance of selling a variety of flavors and the effectiveness of hanging marketing streamers in vendor windows.</p>

<p>The <emph render="bold">Posters </emph>series includes large and small format posters for Popsicle's line of products. Includes several large posters related to Popsicle marketing campaigns and several decals for window displays.

Contains some posters related to Popsicle's marketing at circuses, as well as the 1954 collaboration with the <corpname>Walt Disney Company</corpname>. Also includes some competitive advertisements.</p>

</arrangement>

<p>
Posters arrived in bound portfolios and scrapbooks. Portfolios and scrapbooks were disbound. Large format posters were grouped by type of campaign and organized alphabetically. Small format posters were grouped by year and arranged chronologically. Memoranda were boxed separately and organized by type of material and year and arranged alphabetically.</p>
</scopecontent>

<controlaccess>
<head>Subject Headings</head>
<p>These are searchable subject entries for this collection. Performing a search on these subjects in the Duke University Libraries online catalog will bring up other related research materials.</p>
<list type="simple">
<item><corpname source="lcsh" encodinganalog="610">Joe Lowe Company (New York)</corpname></item>
<item><corpname source="lcsh" encodinganalog="610">Unilever (Firm)--History.</corpname></item>
<item><corpname source="lcsh" encodinganalog="610">Walt Disney Company.</corpname></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Advertising--History--United States.</subject></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Advertising and children--United States.</subject></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Advertising and children--United States--History--20th century.</subject></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Food--Marketing.</subject></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Food industry and trade--United States.</subject></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Frozen desserts--Marketing.</subject></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Frozen desserts industry.</subject></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Ice pops.</subject></item>
<item><subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Ice pops--History.</subject></item>
<item><genreform source="aat" encodinganalog="655">Advertising--Posters.</genreform></item>
<item><genreform source="aat" encodinganalog="655">Posters.</genreform></item>
<item><corpname source="lcsh" encodinganalog="610">John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising &amp; Marketing History.</corpname></item>

<!-- OPTIONAL: Related material -->
</list>
</controlaccess>


<relatedmaterial>
<head>Related Material</head>

<p>Related materials may be found in the following Hartman Center collections: the <emph render="bold">Duplex Advertising Company Records</emph>; the <emph render="bold">Garrett Orr Papers</emph>; the <emph render="bold">John F. Hogan Papers</emph>; the <emph render="bold">Outdoor Advertising Association of America Poster Designs</emph>; the <emph render="bold">Outdoor Advertising Association of America Slide Library</emph>; and the <emph render="bold">Strobridge Lithographing Company Advertisements</emph>. Materials can also be found in the following collections of the <emph render="bold">J. Walter Thompson Company Archives</emph>: the <emph render="bold">Domestic Advertisements Collection</emph>; the <emph render="bold">International Advertisements Collection</emph>; and the <emph render="bold">John F. Devine Papers</emph>.</p>

</relatedmaterial>

<dsc type="combined">

<head>Contents of Collection</head>
<!-- Enter Container List Here -->

<c01 level="series">
<did>
<unittitle id="s1">Memoranda, <unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1957/1958">1957-1958</unitdate></unittitle>
<physdesc><extent>1 Box</extent></physdesc>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>Includes memoranda and flyers sent to Popsicle salesmen during the years 1957-1958, particularly relating to sales incentive programs and schedules of newspaper and television advertising. </p>
</scopecontent>

<c02><did><container type="box">1</container><unittitle>Memoranda to salesmen, <unitdate type="inclusive">1957-1958</unitdate></unittitle><physdesc><extent>(2 folders)</extent></physdesc></did>
<processinfo>
<p>[1957 map of Baton Rouge vendors removed to Box 2.]</p>
</processinfo>
</c02>
<c02><did><unittitle><title render="doublequote">Selling Bee</title> campaign, <unitdate type="inclusive">1958</unitdate></unittitle></did></c02>

<c02><did><container type="box">2</container><unittitle>Baton Rouge vendor map, <unitdate type="inclusive">1957</unitdate></unittitle></did></c02>
</c01>

<c01 level="series"><did>
<unittitle id="s2">Posters, <unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1951/1958">1951-1958</unitdate></unittitle>
<physdesc><extent>4 Boxes</extent></physdesc>
</did>
<scopecontent>
<p>Includes large and small format posters for Popsicle's line of products, including the <emph render="bold">Fudgesicle</emph>, <emph render="bold">Creamsicle</emph>, <emph render="bold">Dreamsicle</emph>, <emph render="bold">Bisicle</emph>, <emph render="bold">Sidewalk Sunday</emph>, <emph render="bold">Swift Bar</emph>, <emph render="bold">Ducky Dubble</emph> and sherbet. Includes several large posters related to Popsicle marketing campaigns, such as the <emph render="doublequote">Popsi-Doodle</emph> contest, the 1958 "Out of this World" outer space themed campaign, and advertising spots in the television programs <title render="doublequote">The Lone Ranger,</title> <title render="doublequote">American Bandstand</title> and <title render="doublequote">The Adventures of Sir Lancelot.</title> Also contains several decals for window displays.

Contains some posters related to Popsicle's marketing at circuses, such as <corpname>Ringling Brothers</corpname>, as well as to the 1954 collaboration with <corpname>Walt Disney</corpname>, which resulted in Goofy, Dumbo and Donald Duck varieties of Popsicles. Includes some posters related to Popsicle's billboard campaigns and to the 1958 <emph render="doublequote">Blue Chip</emph> incentive plan. Also includes some competitive ads for Good Humor and Niftee.</p>
</scopecontent>
<c02><did><container type="box">1</container><unittitle>Small format, items separated, <unitdate type="inclusive">1958</unitdate>
</unittitle></did></c02>

<c02><did><unittitle>Window sign decals, <unitdate type="inclusive">1954</unitdate>
</unittitle></did></c02>

<c02 level="subseries">
<did><container type="box">2</container>
<unittitle>Large format posters, <unitdate type="inclusive">1951-1958 and undated</unitdate></unittitle>
</did>

<c03><did><unittitle>Circus promotions, <unitdate type="inclusive">1954-1955 and undated</unitdate>
</unittitle></did></c03>
<c03><did><unittitle>Disney campaign, <unitdate type="inclusive">1951-1954 and undated</unitdate>
</unittitle><physdesc><extent>(3 folders)</extent></physdesc></did></c03>

<c03><did><container type="box">3</container><unittitle>Miscellaneous campaigns, undated
</unittitle></did></c03>
<c03><did><unittitle>Miscellaneous contest campaigns, undated
</unittitle></did></c03>
<c03><did><unittitle><title render="doublequote">Out of this World</title> campaign, <unitdate type="inclusive">1958</unitdate>
</unittitle></did></c03>
<c03><did><unittitle>Outdoor advertising, undated
</unittitle></did></c03>

<c03><did><container type="box">4</container><unittitle><title render="doublequote">Popsi-Doodle</title> contest campaign, <unitdate type="inclusive">1957 and undated</unitdate>
</unittitle></did></c03>
<c03><did><unittitle>Print advertising campaigns, undated
</unittitle></did></c03>
<c03><did><unittitle>Television campaigns, undated
</unittitle></did></c03>
</c02>

<c02 level="subseries">
<did><container type="box">5</container>
<unittitle>Small format,
 <unitdate type="inclusive">1951-1958</unitdate></unittitle>
<physdesc><extent>(6 folders)</extent></physdesc></did>
<c03><did><unittitle>Sample gallery of Popsicle posters</unittitle>
<daogrp>

<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 001.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 002.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 003.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 004.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 005.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 006.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 007.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 008.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 009.jpg"/></daogrp><daogrp>
<daoloc role="thumbnail" href="M:\Processed\Popsicle\scanned images\popsicle 010.jpg"/></daogrp>
</did></c03>

</c02>
</c01>
</dsc>
</archdesc>
</ead>
