Legacy, 1963-1993: Thirty Years of African-American Students at Duke University

uablackhist Inventory of the Black History at Duke Reference Collection, 1948 - 2001 and undated Processed by: Linda Daniel; machine-readable finding aid created by: Linda Daniel University ArchivesDuke University

Durham, N.C., U.S.A.

Aleph Number: 003309412

Machine-readable finding aid derived from automated markup system. Date of source: April, 2004 Processed by Linda Daniel April, 2004; Finding Aid encoded by Linda Daniel, University Archives, Duke University, April, 2004 Description is in English. 05-01-2006 PUBLIC "-//University Archives//TEXT (US::NDD::::Black History at Duke Reference Collection)//EN" uablack.xml converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by v1to02.xsl (sy2003-10-15).Also, the top level of the finding aid (above the dsc) was changed to conform to the NC EAD Best Practice Guidelines. Within the dsc, dates for series were normalized. Inventory of the Black History at Duke Reference Collection, 1948 - 2001 and undated University Archives Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27708-0202 USA

Descriptive Summary Black History at Duke Reference Collection, 1948 - 2001 and undated Duke University. University Archives. 2.7 Linear Feet, 750 Items University Archives, Duke University For current information on the location of these materials, please consult University Archives, Duke University. The Black History at Duke Reference Collection chronicles the integration of Duke University. This history includes the Silent Vigil; the Allen Building Takeover; the creation of a Black Student Alliance; the development of a Black Studies Program; interactions between the university and the Durham community; as well as individual efforts from students, faculty, and administrators. The collection contains publications, fliers, reports, memos, handbooks, manuals, lists, clippings, and a bibliography. Major subjects include black students, civil rights demonstrations, and the effects of desegregation on administrative policies. English. Administrative Information Access Restrictions

Patrons must sign the Acknowledgement of Legal Responsibility and Privacy Rights form before using this collection.

No restrictions.

Use Restrictions

Copyright for Official University records is held by Duke University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law.

Preferred Citation

[Identification of item], Black History at Duke Reference Collection, University Archives, Duke University.

Provenance

The Black History at Duke Reference Collection was created by Duke University Archives staff.

Processing Information

Processed by Linda Daniel

Completed April 2004

Encoded by Linda Daniel, April 2004

Updated by Molly Bragg, August 2011

This finding aid is NCEAD compliant.

Historical Note

The history of integration at Duke University spans more than one hundred years. In 1896, Trinity College was the first white institution in the South to invite Booker T. Washington to speak on campus. In 1948, students of the Divinity School petitioned for the admission of African Americans to the university. It was only within the last forty years that university policies changed so that black people could become a part of the life of Duke University as students, faculty, and administrators. The Black History at Duke Reference Collection chronicles the events that were part of this change. The following timeline, partially adapted from the book Legacy, 1963-1993: Thirty Years of African-American Students at Duke University, gives a historical overview of some of the events that are documented in this collection.

March 8, 1961 The Board of Trustees announced that students would be admitted to the university graduate and professional schools without regard to race, creed, or national origin. June 2, 1962 The Board of Trustees announced that undergraduate students would be admitted without regard to race. Sept., 1963 Five black undergraduates entered Duke University as first year students. 1966 Dr. Samuel DuBois Cook became Duke University's first black faculty member. 1967 Three African Americans received their undergraduate degrees, as the first black students to graduate from Duke. 1968 The Afro-American Society was established as the first black student association. Later, the name of the organization was to change first to Association of African Students and then, in 1976, to Black Student Alliance. April 5-11, 1968 One day after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., hundreds of Duke students gathered in the quad, in a silent vigil, to protest Duke's discriminatory policies . Oct., 1968 Black students presented the administration with twelve points of concern that included enrollment levels, the low number of black faculty members, and the continuing membership of key university officials in segregated facilities. Feb. 13, 1969 Sixty members of the Afro-American Society occupied the Allen Building for eight hours and presented the university administration with a list of demands. 1969 A Black Studies Program was instituted at Duke after much discussion and delay. Walter Burford was named program head in 1970. 1969 The Office of Black Affairs was established. Later, its name was changed to Office of Minority Affairs, and, in 1993, to Office of Intercultural Affairs. 1974 The university's first predominantly black fraternity, the Omega Zeta chapter of Omega Psi Phi, was founded. Sept. 24, 1975 One hundred students protested and presented the administration with grievances and demands for action. Their priorities included departmentalization of the Black Studies Program and increasing the number of black faculty teaching black studies courses. Sept., 1976 The Association of African Students was renamed the Black Student Alliance. Nov. 7, 1979 The Black Student Alliance sponsored a Black Solidarity Day rally on campus. 1983 The Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture was established. April 21, 1988 The Academic Council passed a resolution to adopt the Black Faculty Initiative, to mandate the hiring of more black faculty in each dept. April 21, 1989 Students marched from East to West Campus in support of National Black Student Action Day. Sept. 26, 1997 Class boycott and Allen Building study-in held to observe Race Day. March 19, 2001 An advertisement entitled Ten Reasons Why Reparations for Slavery is a Bad Idea - And Racist Too by David Horowitz ran in the Chronicle. Students protested the printing of the advertisement in the student newspaper. Collection Overview

The collection contains publications, fliers, reports, memos, handbooks, manuals, lists, clippings, and a bibliography. The collection is divided into six series: The End of Segregation, Black Faculty, Black Studies Program, Student Groups, Public Forums, and Clippings .

The first series, The End of Segregation, includes a bibliography, background materials about desegregation efforts, statistics, reports, and memos. The second series, Black Faculty, includes clippings, and a list of black professors, assistant professors, lecturers, non-tenure track instructors, graduate teaching and research assistants. The appendix to the list includes the Medical School and School of Nursing faculty.

In 1968, there were discussions on campus about establishing a black studies or Afro-American studies program, but no action was taken by the university. One of the demands of the students who took over the Allen Building on Feb. 13, 1969, was for the establishment of a fully accredited department of Afro-American Studies. On May 2, 1969, the Black Studies Committee submitted a proposal to the Undergraduate Faculty Council of the Arts and Sciences for the creation of the Black Studies Program and the courses were approved by the curriculum committee. Walter Burford was named program head in 1970. The third series, Black Studies Program, chronicles some of the history of this program and includes drafts of proposals, enrollment statistics, flyers, photocopies of clippings, and other materials.

The fourth series, Student Groups, contains materials from a variety of groups. Included are: the Afro-American Society, the Association of African Students, the Black Student Alliance, the Black Graduate and Professional Student Association, Black Fraternities and Sororities, and others. The fifth series, Public Forums, includes materials on a number of speakers, rallies, demonstrations, boycotts; one newspaper advertisement; and one Internet site. The sixth series, Clippings , contains mostly photocopies of newspaper articles. The clippings are from 1967-2001 and undated, and cover a wide variety of topics. Of note is a series of articles that appeared in the Chronicle, Black and Blue: Blacks at Duke, Feb. 13-Feb.17, 1984.

Subject Headings

These and related materials may be accessed under the following subject headings in the Duke University Libraries online catalog.

African American students--North Carolina--Durham. African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States. African Americans--North Carolina--History--1964- African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Political activity. African American student movements. Civil rights demonstrations. College students, Black--North Carolina. Duke University--Administration. Duke University. Afro-American Society. Duke University--History. Duke University--Students--Political activity. Duke University--Students--Social conditions. Duke University. University Archives. Race relations. Student participation in administration. Students, Black--North Carolina. Students--Political activity. Clippings. Fliers (printed matter) Contents of Collection The End of Segregation, 1948-1992

Includes a bibliography, background materials about desegregation efforts, statistics, reports, and memos.

1 1 Bibliography 2 Desegregation Efforts, 1948-1982 3 First Students Written Materials, 1965-1992

Includes publications, reports, memos, handbooks, and manuals.

4 White Paper on Institutional Racism at Duke: The Curriculum, April 12, 1972

Report prepared for the Duke YM-YWCA. The report focuses on aspects of the University which directly affect students academically. Part I deals with enrollment, admissions and financial aid. Part II represents the results of a survey of selected faculty who were questioned about the curriculum.

5 Reports and Memos, 1965-1992

Includes memo from R. Taylor Cole about non-discriminatory policies (Sept. 9, 1965); draft on the history of Afro-American relations issued by the Vice President for Institutional Advancement at Duke (March 7, 1969); and a list of African American student demands presented to Terry Sanford (Sept. 24, 1975).

6 Handbooks and Manuals, [ca. 1970]-[1986] 7 Undergraduate Admissions, 1979-1983

Includes photocopies of clippings from the Chronicle about recruitment and statistics for black students.

Black Faculty, 1966-2000 and undated 8 List of Faculty, 1966-1993

Includes list of black professors, assistant professors, lecturers, non-tenure track instructors, graduate teaching and research assistants. Appendix includes Medical School and School of Nursing faculty.

9 Clippings, 1976-2000 and undated Black Studies Program, 1969-1991

In 1968, there were discussions on campus about establishing a black studies or Afro-American studies program, but no action was taken by the university. One of the demands of the students who took over the Allen Building on Feb. 13, 1969, was for the establishment of a fully accredited department of Afro-American Studies. On May 2, 1969, the Black Studies Committee submitted a proposal to the Undergraduate Faculty Council of the Arts and Sciences for the creation of the Black Studies Program and the the courses where approved by the curriculum committee. Walter Burford was named program head in 1970.

10 Clippings, 1969-1993 11 Afro-American Studies and Black Studies Material, 1968-1981

Includes drafts of proposals, enrollment statistics, fliers, photocopies of clippings, and other materials.

12 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on African and Afro-American Studies, Jan 3, 1991 Student Groups, 1969-1999 and undated 13 Association of African Students, [1969]-1982 Afro-American Society, 1969-1970 14 Organizational Material, 1969-1970 Publications, 1969-1970 15 Harambee, Feb., 1969

Harambee was a publication of the Afro-American Society that includes articles and poems by African American students.

16 Weusi Za Weusi, 1970

Weusi za Weusi was a literary magazine published by the Afro-American Society of Duke University in 1970. The expressed purpose of the magazine was to represent the policies and arts of our people.

17 Black Graduate and Professional Student Association, 1975-1992 18 Black Student Alliance, 1976-1999 19 Black Fraternities and Sororities, 1976-1982 20 Small Organizations, 1981-1995and undated

Includes materials from the Dance Black, the Black Mass Choir, and others.

Public Forums, 1969-1999 and undated 21 Forums and Speakers, 1973-1985 22 Concerts and Exhibits, 1976-1996 and undated 23 Devilnet, 1998

Devilnet, an Internet site run by Duke students, aired student opinions on a wide variety of subjects. On Thanksgiving Day, 1998, someone posted a list of the Top 20 Brown-Skinned Fresh and the posting launched a torrent of follow-up lists and sexually explicit comments.

Rallies and Demonstrations, 1968-2001 24 Black Days in Durham, 1968-1969

The Black Solidarity Committee for Community Improvement, a coalition of Durham citizens, called for a Selective Buying Campaign to force the city to make changes in the areas of black representation, employment, private housing, welfare, and public education. Specific stores were targeted for boycott and the days to boycott these stores were called Black Days.

25 Allen Building Takeover, 1969 26 Allen Building Protest Sept., 1975 27 Martin Luther King, Jr., Celebrations, 1976-2001 28 Black Solidarity Week, Nov., 1979 29 Allen Building Protest, National Black Student Action Day, April, 1989 30 Student Arrest, Class Boycott, and Allen Building Study-in, 1997 31-32 The Chronicle Ad Protest, 2001 Clippings, 1967-2001 and undated 33 Clippings, 1967-1995 34 Clippings, 1970-1979 35 Clippings, 1980-1989 36 Black and Blue: Blacks at Duke, Feb. 13-Feb.17, 1984

Includes a series of articles that appeared in the Chronicle.

37 Clippings, 1991-1999 38 Clippings, 2001 39 Clippings, undated 2 OversizeBlack Student Movement Scrapbook, 2001 Related Material

For a list of pertinent honors papers, see Folder 1, Bibliography, in the Black History at Duke Reference Collection.

African Studies Committee Records. University Archives, Duke University. Allen Building Takeover Collection. University Archives, Duke University. Black Graduate and Professional Student Association Records. University Archives, Duke University. Black on White Steering Committee Records. University Archives, Duke University. Black Student Alliance Records. University Archives, Duke University. Bryan K. Fair Papers. University Archives, Duke University. Duke Vigil Collection. University Archives, Duke University. Malcolm X University Records. University Archives, Duke University. Bibliography Legacy, 1963-1993: Thirty Years of African-American Students at Duke University, [Durham, N.C.]: Duke University, Office of the University Vice President & Vice Provost, 1995